岛屿生物地理学理论的现代发展与应用拓展 -生物科学专业

摘要

岛屿生物地理学理论作为生态学和进化生物学的重要分支，自MacArthur和Wilson提出以来，为理解物种分布、群落结构及动态变化提供了关键框架。本研究以现代岛屿生物地理学理论的发展为核心，结合遥感技术、大数据分析和数学建模方法，探讨了其在碎片化景观、气候变化背景下的应用拓展。人类活动导致的栖息地破碎化显著改变了传统岛屿效应模式，而气候驱动的物种分布变迁进一步加剧了这一趋势。本研究创新性地将岛屿理论应用于城市绿地系统和海洋保护区规划，提出了基于连通性和功能多样性的保护策略。研究结论不仅深化了对岛屿生物地理学基本规律的理解，还为应对全球变化背景下的生物多样性保护提供了科学依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

关键词：岛屿生物地理学；物种多样性；碎片化景观；动态迁移网络；气候变化

Modern Developments and Application Extensions of Island Biogeography Theory

英文人名

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Abstract

As an important branch of ecology and evolutionary biology, island biogeography has provided a key fr amework for understanding species distribution, community structure and dynamic changes since it was proposed by MacArthur and Wilson. With the development of modern island biogeography theory as the core, this study combined with remote sensing technology, big data analysis and mathematical modeling methods to explore its application in the context of fragmented landscape and climate change. Habitat fragmentation caused by human activities has significantly altered the traditional island effect model, and climate-driven changes in species distribution have further exacerbated this trend. This study innovatively applies island theory to urban green space systems and Marine protected area planning, and proposes conservation strategies based on connectivity and functional diversity. The conclusions not only deepen the understanding of the basic laws of island biogeography, but also provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation under the background of global change, which has important theoretical value and practical significance.

Keywords: Island Biogeography；Species Diversity；Fragmented Landscape；Dynamic Migration Network；Climate Change

引言 1

一、岛屿生物地理学理论的现代演进 1

(一)理论起源与经典模型回顾 1

(二)现代生态学视角下的理论扩展 2

(三)数据驱动的岛屿生物地理学新范式 2

二、物种多样性与岛屿面积关系研究 3

(一)面积-物种关系的量化分析 3

(二)小岛屿效应及其生态意义 3

(三)人类活动对面积-物种关系的影响 4

三、岛屿隔离性与物种迁移机制探讨 4

(一)隔离距离对物种分布的影响 4