摘 要
骨组织损伤的修复与再生是临床医学中的重要挑战，传统治疗方法如自体骨移植和金属植入物存在供体来源有限、生物相容性不足等问题。为解决上述难题，本研究聚焦于可降解生物材料在骨组织修复中的应用潜力，旨在开发一种兼具良好力学性能与生物活性的新型复合材料。研究选取了聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）和羟基磷灰石（HA）作为核心组分，并通过静电纺丝技术制备了具有三维多孔结构的复合支架。该支架不仅能够模拟天然骨组织的微观结构，还具备可控降解特性，从而为骨细胞的黏附、增殖和分化提供了理想的微环境。通过体外细胞实验验证了复合支架对成骨细胞活性的显著促进作用，同时体内动物实验进一步表明其在骨缺损修复中表现出优异的生物相容性和诱导成骨能力。
关键词：骨组织修复 可降解生物材料 PLGA/HA复合支架
Abstract
The repair and regeneration of bone tissue damage is a significant challenge in clinical medicine. Traditional treatments, such as autografts and me tal implants, have limitations in donor availability and insufficient biocompatibility. To address these issues, this study focuses on the potential application of degradable biomaterials in bone tissue repair, aiming to develop a new type of composite material with excellent mechanical properties and biological activity. The research selected polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite copolymer (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) as core components, and prepared a composite scaffold with a three-dimensional porous structure using electrospinning technology. This scaffold not only mimics the microstructure of natural bone tissue but also exhibits controllable degradation characteristics, providing an ideal microenvironment for the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts. In vitro cell experiments confirmed the significant promotion of osteoblast activity by the composite scaffold, while in vivo animal experiments further demonstrated its excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic induction capabilities in bone defect repair.
Keyword:Bone Tissue Repair Degradable Biomaterials PLGA/HA Composite Scaffold
目 录
引言 1
1可降解生物材料概述 1
1.1生物材料的基本特性 1
1.2可降解材料的分类 2
1.3材料降解机制分析 2
1.4临床应用需求分析 2
2骨组织修复基础研究 3
2.1骨组织结构与功能 3
2.2骨缺损修复机制 3
2.3骨再生影响因素 4
2.4理想骨修复材料要求 4
3可降解材料在骨修复中的应用 5
3.1聚乳酸类材料的应用 5
3.2磷酸钙陶瓷的研究进展 5
3.3天然高分子材料的作用 5
3.4复合材料的设计与优化 6
4应用挑战与未来方向 6
4.1材料力学性能改进 6
4.2生物相容性优化策略 7
4.3临床转化面临的问题 7
4.4新型材料的研发趋势 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
