摘 要
生物传感器作为一种快速、灵敏且特异性强的检测工具，在疾病早期诊断中展现出巨大潜力。随着纳米技术、分子生物学和微电子学的发展，生物传感器在提高检测精度和降低样本需求方面取得了显著进展。本研究旨在探讨基于新型纳米材料和信号放大技术的生物传感器在疾病标志物检测中的应用效果，并评估其在临床早期诊断中的可行性与优势。研究采用电化学、光学及表面等离子体共振等多种传感技术，结合机器学习算法优化数据分析流程，以实现对多种疾病相关生物标志物的高灵敏度检测。实验结果表明，所开发的生物传感器能够以皮摩尔级甚至飞摩尔级的检测限识别特定疾病标志物，并在模拟临床样本中表现出良好的稳定性和重复性。
关键词：生物传感器 纳米材料 信号放大技术
Abstract
As a rapid, sensitive and specific detection tool, biosensors show great potential in the early diagnosis of diseases. With the development of nanotechnology, molecular biology and microelectronics, biosensors have made remarkable progress in improving detection accuracy and reducing sample requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of biosensors based on novel nanomaterials and signal amplification technologies in the detection of disease markers and to evaluate its feasibility and advantages in early clinical diagnosis. The study used various sensing technologies such as electrochemical, optical and surface plasmon resonance, combined with machine learning algorithms to optimize the data analysis process to achieve high sensitivity detection of various disease-related biomarkers. The experimental results show that the developed biosensor is able to identify specific disease markers at the detection limit of picomolar or even femtomolar scale, and shows good stability and reproducibility in simulated clinical samples.
Keyword:Biosensor NanoMaterial Signal Amplification Technology
目 录
引言 1
1生物传感器技术基础研究 1
1.1生物传感器的基本原理 1
1.2生物传感器的分类与特性 2
1.3关键材料与制备技术 2
1.4技术发展现状与挑战 3
2疾病早期诊断需求分析 3
2.1早期诊断的重要性 3
2.2常规检测方法的局限性 3
2.3生物标志物的筛选与应用 4
2.4临床对生物传感器的需求 4
3生物传感器在疾病早期诊断中的应用 5
3.1心血管疾病的早期检测 5
3.2肿瘤标志物的高灵敏度监测 5
3.3感染性疾病快速筛查 6
3.4神经退行性疾病的早期干预 6
4生物传感器性能优化与未来方向 7
4.1提高检测灵敏度与特异性 7
4.2集成化与便携式设计 7
4.3数据分析与人工智能结合 8
4.4商业化前景与伦理考量 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
