砌体结构墙体在地震作用下的破坏模式与加固措施研究 -土木工程专业

摘要

砌体结构作为一种广泛应用于民用建筑中的结构形式，其抗震性能一直是工程界关注的重点。鉴于地震灾害中砌体墙体易发生严重破坏甚至倒塌的现象，本文旨在深入研究砌体结构墙体在地震作用下的破坏模式，并提出有效的加固措施以提升其抗震能力。研究基于理论分析、数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法展开，首先通过有限元软件建立砌体墙体的精细化模型，模拟不同地震工况下的受力行为；其次设计并实施了一系列拟静力试验，验证数值模型的可靠性，并进一步探讨墙体裂缝扩展规律及失效机制。研究表明，砌体墙体在地震作用下主要表现为剪切破坏、弯曲破坏和局部压碎三种典型模式，且破坏程度与墙体高宽比、砂浆强度以及约束条件密切相关。针对上述破坏特征，本文提出了基于纤维复合材料（FRP）的加固方案，并通过对比分析证明其在提高墙体承载力和延性方面的显著效果。此外，研究还创新性地引入了智能监测技术，用于实时评估加固后墙体的健康状态，为后续维护提供数据支持。总体而言，本研究不仅揭示了砌体结构在地震作用下的破坏机理，还为实际工程中的抗震设计与加固提供了科学依据和技术指导，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

关键词：砌体结构；抗震性能；纤维复合材料加固；拟静力试验；智能监测技术

ABSTRACT

Masonry structures, as a widely used structural form in civil buildings, have always been a focal point in the engineering community regarding their seismic performance. In view of the severe damage or even collapse of masonry walls during earthquakes, this study aims to investigate the failure modes of masonry walls under seismic actions and propose effective strengthening measures to enhance their seismic resistance. The research is conducted through a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental validation. Firstly, a refined finite element model of masonry walls is established using specialized software to simulate their stress behaviors under various seismic conditions. Secondly, a series of pseudo-static tests are designed and implemented to verify the reliability of the numerical model and further explore the crack propagation patterns and failure mechanisms of the walls. The findings indicate that masonry walls primarily exhibit three typical failure modes under seismic actions: shear failure, flexural failure, and local crushing, with the extent of damage closely related to the height-to-width ratio of the wall, mortar strength, and boundary constraints. In response to these failure characteristics, a strengthening scheme utilizing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is proposed, and its significant effectiveness in improving the load-bearing capacity and ductility of walls is demonstrated through comparative analyses. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates smart monitoring technology for real-time assessment of the health status of strengthened walls, providing data support for subsequent maintenance. Overall, this research not only elucidates the failure mechanisms of masonry structures under seismic actions but also offers scientific evidence and technical guidance for seismic design and retrofitting in practical engineering applications, thereby possessing substantial theoretical significance and practical implications.

Keywords: Masonry Structure; Seismic Performance; Fiber Composite Material Strengthening; Pseudo-Static Test; Intelligent Monitoring Technology

第1章绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1

1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章地震作用下砌体墙体破坏模式分析 3

2.1 砌体墙体常见破坏类型 3

2.2 地震力对墙体破坏的影响机制 3

2.3 墙体材料特性与破坏模式的关系 4

2.4 不同构造形式墙体的破坏特征 4

第3章砌体墙体抗震性能评估方法 6

3.1 抗震性能评估的基本原则 6