摘 要
超精密加工技术作为现代制造领域的核心技术之一，在航空航天领域具有不可替代的重要地位，其在高精度、高性能零部件制造中的应用直接决定了航空航天装备的性能与可靠性。随着航空航天工业对材料性能和结构复杂性要求的不断提高，传统加工技术已难以满足需求，亟需发展更先进的超精密加工方法以适应新型材料和复杂结构的制造要求。本研究旨在探索超精密加工技术在航空航天关键零部件制造中的应用潜力，通过结合多物理场仿真分析与实验验证，提出了一种基于智能控制的超精密加工工艺优化方法。该方法通过对加工过程中的热效应、应力分布及表面完整性进行实时监测与调控，显著提升了复杂曲面零部件的加工精度与表面质量。
关键词：超精密加工技术 航空航天零部件 智能控制
Abstract
As one of the core technologies in the field of modern manufacturing, ultra-precision machining technology plays an irreplaceable important position in the field of aerospace. Its application in the manufacturing of high-precision and high-performance parts directly determines the performance and reliability of aerospace equipment. With the continuous improvement of the aerospace industry's requirements for material performance and structural complexity, the traditional processing technology has been difficult to meet the demand, and it is urgent to develop more advanced ultra-precision processing methods to meet the manufacturing requirements of new materials and complex structures. This study aims to explore the application potential of ultra-precision machining technology in the manufacturing of key aerospace components, and by combining multi-physical field simulation analysis and experimental verification, we propose an optimization method of ultra-precision machining process based on intelligent control. Through real-time monitoring and regulation of the thermal effect, stress distribution and surface integrity in the processing process, the method significantly improves the machining accuracy and surface quality of complex surface parts.
Keyword:Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Aerospace Components Intelligent Control
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1超精密加工技术的研究背景 1
1.2航空航天领域对超精密加工的需求 1
1.3国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2超精密加工技术在航空航天中的基础理论 2
2.1超精密加工技术的核心原理 2
2.2航空航天材料的加工特性分析 3
2.3关键工艺参数对加工质量的影响 3
2.4超精密加工设备的选型与优化 4
2.5理论模型在实际应用中的验证 4
3超精密加工技术在航空航天关键部件中的应用 4
3.1发动机叶片的超精密加工技术研究 4
3.2高精度光学镜片的加工工艺分析 5
3.3复杂曲面零件的高效加工策略 5
3.4微小零部件的高精度制造技术 6
3.5应用案例与效果评估 6
4超精密加工技术在航空航天领域的挑战与对策 7
4.1材料硬度对加工效率的影响及解决方法 7
4.2加工过程中热变形问题的控制策略 7
4.3表面质量与功能性能的关系研究 8
4.4数字化与智能化技术在超精密加工中的应用 8
4.5未来发展方向与潜在突破点 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致谢 12
