小学语文阅读教学中学生批判性思维的培养 -小学教育专业

摘要

随着教育改革的深入推进，培养学生的核心素养成为小学语文教学的重要目标，其中批判性思维的培养在阅读教学中的地位日益凸显。本研究旨在探讨如何通过小学语文阅读教学有效提升学生的批判性思维能力，以弥补当前教学实践中过于注重知识传授而忽视思维训练的问题。研究采用文献分析、课堂观察和实验研究相结合的方法，选取某市三所小学的六年级学生作为研究对象，设计并实施了一系列基于批判性思维的教学活动。结果表明，通过引导学生对文本内容进行质疑、分析和评价，能够显著提高其逻辑推理能力和独立思考水平。此外，研究发现教师在教学中运用开放式问题设计和多元视角引导，有助于激发学生的思维潜能。本研究的创新点在于将批判性思维理论与小学语文阅读教学实践紧密结合，提出了具体的教学策略，如“问题驱动式阅读”和“多维度文本解读”，为一线教师提供了可操作的参考框架。研究的主要贡献在于不仅验证了批判性思维培养在小学阶段的可行性和有效性，还为相关领域的进一步研究奠定了基础，推动了语文教育从单一的知识传授向综合素养培养的转变。

关键词：批判性思维，小学语文阅读教学，问题驱动式阅读，多维度文本解读，思维潜能开发

Abstract

With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' core competencies has become an important goal in primary school Chinese language teaching, among which the cultivation of critical thinking in reading instruction is becoming increasingly prominent. This study aims to explore how to effectively enhance students' critical thinking skills through primary school Chinese language reading instruction, addressing the issue of overemphasizing knowledge transmission at the expense of mental training in current teaching practices. By employing a combination of literature analysis, classroom observation, and experimental research, this study selected sixth-grade students from three primary schools in a city as research subjects and designed and implemented a series of teaching activities based on critical thinking. The results indicate that guiding students to question, analyze, and evaluate textual content can significantly improve their logical reasoning abilities and independent thinking levels. Moreover, the study found that the use of open-ended question design and multi-perspective guidance by teachers in teaching helps stimulate students' cognitive potential. The innovation of this study lies in its close integration of critical thinking theory with the practice of primary school Chinese language reading instruction, proposing specific teaching strategies such as "question-driven reading" and "multi-dimensional text interpretation," thus providing an operable reference fr amework for frontline teachers. The main contribution of this study is not only verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of critical thinking cultivation in the primary stage but also laying a foundation for further research in related fields, promoting the transformation of Chinese language education from single knowledge transmission to comprehensive competency cultivation.

Key Words：Critical Thinking, Primary School Chinese Reading Instruction, Problem-Driven Reading, Multi-Dimensional Text Interpretation, Mental Potential Development

一、绪论 1

（一）小学语文阅读教学的背景分析 1

（二）批判性思维培养的意义探讨 2

（三）国内外研究现状综述 2

二、小学语文阅读教学中的批判性思维基础 3

（一）批判性思维的概念界定 3

（二）小学生批判性思维的发展特点 4

（三）阅读教学与批判性思维的关系 4

（四）批判性思维在小学语文教学中的定位 5

（五）培养批判性思维的教学目标设定 5

三、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的实施路径 6

（一）阅读材料的选择与批判性思维培养 6