摘要
随着现代制造业对加工精度和效率要求的不断提高，数控机床作为核心装备面临复杂的动态加工环境与多变量耦合问题。为解决传统控制方法在非线性、不确定性条件下的局限性，本研究提出了一种基于模糊控制的数控机床加工过程优化方法。通过引入模糊逻辑理论，构建了适用于加工参数实时调整的模糊控制器模型，并结合实际加工数据建立了误差补偿机制，以提升系统的适应性和鲁棒性。研究采用仿真分析与实验验证相结合的方式，对模糊控制算法在不同工况下的性能表现进行了全面评估。结果表明，该方法能够显著降低加工误差，提高表面质量，并有效缩短加工周期。相较于传统PID控制策略，模糊控制在复杂工况下的平均误差降低了23%，稳定性提升了18%。本研究的主要创新点在于将模糊控制技术与数控机床加工特性深度融合，实现了加工过程的智能化与精细化管理，为提升数控机床的综合性能提供了新的思路和技术支撑。
关键词：模糊控制；数控机床；加工误差；实时调整；误差补偿机制
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of modern manufacturing requirements for processing accuracy and efficiency, CNC machines as core equipment face complex dynamic processing environments and multi-variable coupling problems. To address the limitations of traditional control methods under nonlinear and uncertain conditions, this study proposes an optimization method for the CNC machine processing based on fuzzy control. By incorporating fuzzy logic theory, a fuzzy controller model suitable for real-time adjustment of processing parameters is constructed, and an error compensation mechanism is established using actual processing data to enhance the adaptability and robustness of the system. The research combines simulation analysis with experimental validation to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the fuzzy control algorithm under various operating conditions. Results indicate that this method can significantly reduce processing errors, improve surface quality, and effectively shorten the processing cycle. Compared with traditional PID control strategies, the average error under complex conditions is reduced by 23% and stability is improved by 18% with fuzzy control. The main innovation of this study lies in the deep integration of fuzzy control technology with the processing characteristics of CNC machines, achieving intelligent and refined management of the processing process and providing new ideas and technical support for enhancing the overall performance of CNC machines.
Keywords：Fuzzy Control; Nc Machine Tool; Machining Error; Real-Time Adjustment; Error Compensation Mechanism
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、模糊控制理论基础及其应用 2
(一) 模糊控制的基本原理 2
(二) 数控机床加工中的模糊控制需求 3
(三) 模糊控制在优化加工过程中的优势 3
三、基于模糊控制的数控机床参数优化 4
(一) 数控机床加工参数的影响因素 4
(二) 模糊控制模型的设计与构建 4
(三) 参数优化的具体实现方法 5
四、模糊控制在加工质量提升中的应用 5
(一) 加工质量问题的分析与识别 5
(二) 模糊控制对加工精度的改进作用 6
(三) 实验验证与结果分析 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
