摘 要：
中小企业作为国民经济的重要组成部分，在促进经济增长、技术创新和就业吸纳方面发挥着不可替代的作用，但其长期面临的融资难问题已成为制约其发展的关键瓶颈。本研究以中小企业融资难的成因为切入点，通过文献分析与实证研究相结合的方法，深入探讨了这一问题的多维影响因素，并提出了针对性的解决对策。研究基于对全国范围内200家中小企业的问卷调查数据，结合深度访谈和案例分析，揭示了信息不对称、信用体系不完善、金融机构支持不足以及政策落实不到位等核心问题。同时，本研究创新性地引入金融科技手段，提出构建多层次融资服务体系的可行性方案，强调通过大数据技术和信用评估模型优化企业信用画像，从而降低融资成本并提高效率。研究结果表明，加强政策引导、完善信用评价机制以及推动金融产品创新是缓解中小企业融资困境的关键路径。本研究的主要贡献在于系统梳理了融资难问题的复杂成因，并为政策制定者和实践者提供了具有操作性的解决方案，为推动中小企业可持续发展提供了理论支持与实践指导。
关键词：中小企业融资难；信息不对称；信用体系；金融科技；政策引导
Causes and Solutions of Financing Difficulties for Small and Medium Enterprises
Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as a critical component of the national economy, play an irreplaceable role in promoting economic growth, technological innovation, and employment absorption. However, the persistent challenge of financing difficulties has become a key bottleneck constraining their development. This study investigates the causes of SME financing difficulties by integrating literature analysis with empirical research to explore the multidimensional influencing factors and propose targeted solutions. Based on questionnaire survey data from 200 SMEs across the country, complemented by in-depth interviews and case studies, this research reveals core issues such as information asymmetry, an incomplete credit system, insufficient support from financial institutions, and inadequate implementation of policies. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates fintech approaches, proposing a feasible fr amework for constructing a multi-level financing service system. It emphasizes optimizing enterprise credit profiles through big data technologies and credit evaluation models to reduce financing costs and enhance efficiency. The findings indicate that strengthening policy guidance, improving credit assessment mechanisms, and promoting financial product innovation are crucial pathways to alleviating the financing challenges faced by SMEs. The primary contribution of this study lies in systematically analyzing the complex causes of financing difficulties and providing actionable solutions for policymakers and practitioners, thereby offering both theoretical support and practical guidance for advancing the sustainable development of SMEs.
Keywords: Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises Financing Difficulties; Information Asymmetry; Credit System; Financial Technology; Policy Guidance
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1中小企业融资难问题的研究背景 1
1.2研究中小企业融资难问题的意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状综述 1
1.4本文研究方法与创新点 2
2中小企业融资难的成因分析 2
2.1内部因素：企业自身条件限制 2
2.2外部因素：金融市场体系不完善 3
2.3制度因素：政策支持不足 3
2.4风险因素：信用评估机制缺失 4
3中小企业融资难的影响与挑战 4
3.1对企业发展的影响分析 4
3.2对区域经济发展的制约作用 5
3.3融资难对创新活动的阻碍 5
3.4当前解决措施的局限性 6
4中小企业融资难问题的解决对策 6
4.1构建多层次的融资服务体系 6
4.2完善信用担保和风险分担机制 7
4.3加强政府政策支持与引导 7
4.4提升企业自身融资能力 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
