摘 要
云杉天然林作为亚高山森林生态系统的重要组成部分，在维持区域生态平衡和生物多样性方面具有不可替代的作用。为深入探讨其群落结构特征及动态变化规律，本研究以某典型云杉天然林为对象，基于长期定位监测数据，结合数量生态学方法，分析了群落组成、物种多样性、空间分布格局及其时间演变特征。结果表明，该云杉天然林群落结构呈现明显的垂直分层现象，优势种占据主导地位，但伴生种的多样性和更新能力对群落稳定性起到了重要支撑作用。研究表明，群落内个体的空间分布呈现出聚集性与随机性的复合模式，且随着时间推移，幼龄木比例逐渐增加，显示群落处于正向演替阶段。本研究创新性地揭示了云杉天然林群落动态变化的驱动机制，并提出了基于年龄结构和空间分布的可持续管理建议，为保护和恢复亚高山森林生态系统提供了科学依据。关键词：云杉天然林; 群落结构; 物种多样性
Abstract
The spruce natural forest, as a critical component of the subalpine forest ecosystem, plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance and biodiversity. To further explore its community structure characteristics and dynamic change patterns, this study focused on a typical spruce natural forest, utilizing long-term fixed-point monitoring data combined with numerical ecology methods to analyze community composition, species diversity, spatial distribution patterns, and their temporal evolution features. The results indicated that the spruce natural forest community exhibited a distinct vertical stratification phenomenon, with dominant species playing a leading role, while the diversity and regeneration capacity of accompanying species provided essential support for community stability. The study revealed that the spatial distribution of individuals within the community demonstrated a composite pattern of clustering and randomness, and with the passage of time, the proportion of young trees gradually increased, indicating that the community was in a stage of positive succession. This research innovatively uncovered the driving mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in the spruce natural forest community and proposed sustainable management recommendations based on age structure and spatial distribution, providing scientific evidence for the protection and restoration of subalpine forest ecosystems.
Key words:Cloud Fir Natural Forest; Community Structure; Species Diversity
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、云杉天然林群落结构特征分析 2
1.1、群落组成与物种多样性 2
1.2、群落空间结构特征 2
1.3、群落层次结构分析 2
第2章、云杉天然林动态变化驱动因素 4
2.1、气候变化对群落的影响 4
2.2、人类活动干扰分析 4
2.3、自然演替过程研究 4
第3章、云杉天然林群落动态监测方法 6
3.1、长期定位观测技术 6
3.2、数据采集与处理方法 6
3.3、动态变化模型构建 7
第4章、云杉天然林保护与可持续管理策略 8
4.1、生物多样性保护措施 8
4.2、森林资源可持续利用 8
4.3、生态恢复技术应用 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
