摘 要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严峻，新能源汽车作为绿色交通的重要组成部分，其普及已成为不可逆转的趋势。然而，大规模新能源汽车充电设施的接入对配电网带来了显著影响，包括负荷波动加剧、电压偏差增大以及电网运行效率降低等问题。为此，本研究旨在深入分析新能源汽车充电设施与配电网之间的相互作用机制，并提出优化策略以缓解潜在的负面影响。研究基于实际配电网数据，采用仿真建模与优化算法相结合的方法，构建了多目标优化模型，综合考虑了充电负荷分布、用户行为特征及电网运行约束等因素。通过对比不同场景下的仿真结果，发现无序充电模式可能导致配电网局部过载和能量损耗增加，而有序充电策略能够有效平抑负荷峰谷差并提升电网运行经济性。
关键词：新能源汽车 充电设施 配电网
Abstract
With the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the popularity of new energy vehicles, as an important part of green transportation, has become an irreversible trend. However, the access of large-scale new energy vehicle charging facilities has had a significant impact on the distribution network, including the increased load fluctuation, increased voltage deviation and the reduction of power grid operation efficiency. To this end, this study aims to deeply analyze the interaction mechanism between NEV charging facilities and the distribution network, and propose optimization strategies to mitigate potential negative impacts. Based on the actual distribution network data, the paper of a multi-ob jective optimization model is constructed, considering the charging load distribution, user behavior characteristics and power grid operation constraints. By comparing the simulation results in different scenarios, it is found that the disordered charging mode may lead to local overload and increased energy loss of the distribution network, while the orderly charging strategy can effectively suppress the load peak and valley difference and improve the operation economy of the power grid.
Keyword:New Energy Vehicle Charging Facility Distribution Network
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1新能源汽车充电设施研究背景 1
1.2配电网影响及优化的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2充电设施对配电网负荷特性的影响 2
2.1充电负荷特性分析 2
2.2配电网负荷波动评估 3
2.3充电设施接入对负荷曲线的影响 3
2.4不同充电模式下的负荷分布特征 3
2.5负荷特性对电网稳定性的影响 4
3充电设施接入配电网的电压与功率问题 4
3.1充电设施接入点电压偏差分析 4
3.2功率因数对配电网运行效率的影响 5
3.3分布式充电设施的无功补偿需求 5
3.4电压质量问题的量化评估方法 6
3.5提高电压稳定性的优化策略 6
4配电网中充电设施的优化配置与调度 7
4.1充电设施布局规划的原则与方法 7
4.2基于负荷预测的优化配置模型 7
4.3智能调度算法在充电管理中的应用 8
4.4充电设施与可再生能源协同优化 8
4.5经济性与技术性综合优化分析 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致谢 12
