摘 要
《儒林外史》作为中国古典讽刺小说的巅峰之作，其语言艺术与社会批判价值长期以来受到学界关注。本研究以《儒林外史》中的讽刺语言为切入点，系统探讨了作品中修辞手法的运用及其对封建社会的深刻批判。研究旨在揭示作者吴敬梓如何通过多样化的修辞策略，如夸张、对比、反语等，塑造典型人物形象并反映当时社会的种种弊病。研究采用文本细读与修辞学分析相结合的方法，同时结合社会历史背景，深入剖析讽刺语言背后的文化内涵与思想深度。结果表明，《儒林外史》中的讽刺语言不仅具有高度的艺术性，还体现了作者对科举制度、官僚体系及士人阶层的深刻反思。
关键词：儒林外史；讽刺语言；修辞手法
Abstract: As the peak of Chinese classical satirical novels, the language art and the value of social criticism have attracted academic attention for a long time. With the satirical language in the Scholars, this study systematically discusses the application of rhetorical devices in the works and their profound criticism of the feudal society. The research aims to reveal how the author Wu Jingzi shaped the typical characters and reflected the various shortcomings of the society at that time through various rhetorical strategies, such as exaggeration, contrast and irony. The research adopts the method of combining text close reading and rhetorical analysis, and combines the social and historical background, and deeply analyzes the cultural connotation and ideological depth behind the satirical language. The results show that the satirical language in The Scholars is not only highly artistic, but also reflects the author's profound reflection on the imperial examination system, the bureaucratic system and the scholar class.
Keywords: Rulin Wai Shi；Satirical Language；Rhetorical Devices
目 录
引言 1一、讽刺语言的修辞手法概述 2
（一）讽刺语言的基本特征 2
（二）《儒林外史》中的修辞运用 2
（三）讽刺与修辞的关系分析 3
二、比喻与夸张在讽刺中的作用 4
（一）比喻手法的具体表现 4
（二）夸张手法的运用方式 5
（三）比喻与夸张的社会批判功能 6
三、对比与反语的讽刺效果 7
（一）对比手法的修辞特点 7
（二）反语的表达形式及其意义 7
（三）对比与反语对社会现象的揭示 8
四、讽刺语言的社会批判价值 9
（一）社会现实的讽刺性描绘 9
（二）讽刺语言对封建制度的批判 10
（三）讽刺语言的人文关怀体现 10
结论 11
参考文献 13
