摘 要
永磁同步电机（PMSM）因其高效、高功率密度和优良的动态性能，在工业领域得到了广泛应用，但传统基于位置传感器的控制方式存在成本高、可靠性低等问题，限制了其在某些特殊环境中的应用。为解决这一问题，本文针对永磁同步电机的无位置传感器控制技术展开深入研究，旨在通过开发先进的算法实现对转子位置的精确估计，从而替代物理位置传感器。研究中采用滑模观测器结合高频信号注入法作为核心方法，利用电机反电动势特性提取转子位置信息，并通过优化算法提高估计精度与动态响应能力。实验结果表明，所提出的控制策略能够在宽速范围内实现稳定运行，且在低速及零速区域表现出良好的鲁棒性。此外，该方法有效降低了系统对硬件的依赖程度，提升了整体可靠性。
关键词：永磁同步电机 无位置传感器控制 滑模观测器
Abstract
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in the industrial field because of its high efficiency, high power density and excellent dynamic performance, but the traditional position-based sensor control mode has high cost and low reliability, which limits its application in some special environments. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies the position-free sensor control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor, aiming to accurately estimate the rotor position by developing advanced algorithm, so as to replace the physical position sensor. In the study, the sliding mode observer and the high frequency signal injection method were used as the core method, and the rotor position information was extracted, and the estimation accuracy and dynamic response ability were improved through the optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can operate stably in a wide speed range and shows good robustness in low and zero speed regions. In addition, this method effectively reduces the dependence of the system on hardware and improves the overall reliability.
Keyword:Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Sensorless Control Sliding Mode Observer
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制的研究背景 1
1.2无位置传感器控制技术的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2永磁同步电机数学模型与控制基础 2
2.1永磁同步电机的基本原理 2
2.2数学模型的建立与分析 3
2.3基于坐标变换的控制理论 3
2.4控制算法的基础框架 4
2.5无位置传感器控制的理论支撑 4
3无位置传感器控制的关键技术研究 4
3.1转子位置估计方法综述 5
3.2基于反电动势法的位置估计 5
3.3高频信号注入法的技术实现 5
3.4观测器设计及其应用分析 6
3.5关键技术的对比与选择 6
4系统设计与实验验证 7
4.1控制系统的硬件架构设计 7
4.2软件算法的设计与优化 7
4.3实验平台的搭建与调试 8
4.4实验结果分析与性能评估 8
4.5系统改进与未来方向 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致谢 12
