摘 要：随着教育改革的深入推进，培养学生的批判性思维已成为语文教学的重要目标之一。本研究以初中语文课堂教学为切入点，探讨如何有效培养学生批判性思维能力，旨在解决当前教学中普遍存在的重知识传授而轻思维训练的问题。研究采用文献分析、课堂观察与问卷调查相结合的方法，选取了三所不同层次的中学作为实验对象，通过为期一年的教学实践，系统考察了批判性思维培养策略在实际教学中的应用效果。研究发现，通过设计开放性问题、引导学生进行多角度思考以及强化文本细读等方法，能够显著提升学生的批判性思维水平。此外，教师的角色转变和评价方式的多元化也是影响教学成效的关键因素。
关键词：批判性思维；初中语文教学；开放性问题
Abstract: With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' critical thinking has become one of the important goals of Chinese teaching. This study takes Chinese classroom teaching in junior middle school as the breakthrough point to discuss how to effectively cultivate students' critical thinking ability, and aims to solve the common problem of emphasizing knowledge teaching over thinking training in current teaching. Using the combination of literature analysis, classroom observation and questionnaire survey, three middle schools at different levels were selected as experimental ob jects. Through one-year teaching practice, the application effect of critical thinking training strategy in practical teaching was systematically investigated. It is found that students' critical thinking level can be significantly improved by designing open questions, guiding students to think from multiple angles and strengthening the close reading of the text. In addition, the role change of teachers and the diversification of evaluation methods are also the key factors affecting the teaching effectiveness.
Keywords: Critical Thinking；Junior High School Chinese Teaching；Open-ended Questions
目 录
引言 1一、批判性思维的理论基础与内涵 2
（一）批判性思维的概念界定 2
（二）批判性思维的核心要素分析 3
（三）初中语文教学中的思维特征 3
二、当前初中语文课堂批判性思维培养现状 4
（一）学生批判性思维能力现状调查 4
（二）语文课堂教学中的问题剖析 5
（三）影响批判性思维培养的主要因素 6
三、批判性思维培养的教学策略设计 6
（一）教学目标与内容的选择 6
（二）问题驱动式教学法的应用 7
（三）多元文本解读能力的培养 8
四、批判性思维培养的实践路径与评价机制 9
（一）课堂互动模式的优化策略 9
（二）学生自主学习能力的培养路径 9
（三）批判性思维能力的评价体系构建 10
结论 11
参考文献 13
