摘 要
慢性肾病已成为全球性公共卫生问题，透析作为替代治疗手段在延长患者生命方面发挥着重要作用，但透析期间患者面临诸多护理需求。本研究旨在全面了解慢性肾病患者透析期间的护理需求并提出针对性对策。通过对某三甲医院120例接受透析治疗的慢性肾病患者进行问卷调查与访谈，同时结合医护人员的反馈意见，从生理、心理、社会支持等多方面深入分析患者的护理需求。结果表明，患者在透析期间存在明显的疼痛不适、营养不良、感染风险高等生理需求；焦虑抑郁情绪普遍存在，对疾病认知不足导致的心理压力较大；家庭经济负担重、缺乏有效的社会支持网络也是亟待解决的问题。
关键词：慢性肾病透析，护理需求，生理需求
Nursing needs and countermeasures of patients with chronic kidney disease during dialysis
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has become a global public health problem. As an alternative treatment, dialysis plays an important role in prolonging patients' lives, but patients face many nursing needs during dialysis. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand the nursing needs of patients with chronic kidney disease during dialysis and put forward countermeasures. Through questionnaire survey and interview of 120 patients with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis treatment in a top-three hospital, combined with the feedback of medical staff, the nursing needs of patients were deeply analyzed from various aspects such as physiological, psychological and social support. The results showed that the patients had obvious pain discomfort, malnutrition and high risk of infection during dialysis. Anxiety and depression are common, and the psychological pressure caused by the lack of disease cognition is great. The heavy economic burden of families and the lack of effective social support network are also urgent problems to be solved.
Key Words：chronic kidney disease dialysis, nursing needs, physiological needs
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状综述 2
二、慢性肾病患者透析期间的生理需求 3
（一）血液透析过程中的生理变化 3
（二）透析期间的营养支持需求 4
（三）透析并发症的预防与处理 5
三、慢性肾病患者透析期间的心理社会需求 7
（一）患者心理状态评估与干预 7
（二）家庭支持系统的作用分析 8
（三）社会适应能力的培养 9
四、慢性肾病患者透析期间的护理 11
对策 11
（一）护理模式的选择与优化 11
（二）护理人员的专业能力建设 13
（三）护患沟通技巧与人文关怀 14
五、结论 15
参考文献 16
致 谢 18
