摘 要
随着现代农业对精准农业和环境保护要求的不断提高，高效植保机械的喷雾技术与雾化效果成为提升农药利用率、减少环境污染的关键因素。本研究旨在分析不同植保机械喷雾技术的雾化特性及其对药液沉积分布的影响，通过实验室测试与田间试验相结合的方法，系统评估了多种喷头结构、工作压力及助剂添加方式对雾滴粒径、均匀性和穿透性的作用机制。研究结果表明，采用新型旋流式喷头并配合优化的工作压力参数，可显著提高雾滴的细度与均匀性，同时增强其在作物冠层中的穿透能力。此外，特定表面活性剂的添加进一步改善了药液在叶片表面的附着性能。本研究创新性地提出了基于雾化质量评价指标的喷雾技术优化方案，并建立了适用于不同作物种植模式的喷雾参数推荐体系，为实现精准施药提供了理论支持和技术指导，对推动植保机械的技术升级和可持续农业发展具有重要意义。
关键词：植保机械；喷雾技术；雾化特性
ABSTRACT
With the increasing demands of modern agriculture for precision farming and environmental protection, the spray technology and atomization performance of efficient plant protection machinery have become key factors in improving pesticide utilization and reducing environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the atomization characteristics of different plant protection machinery spray technologies and their effects on the deposition and distribution of pesticide solutions. By combining laboratory tests with field experiments, a systematic evaluation was conducted on the mechanisms of various nozzle structures, operating pressures, and adjuvant application methods regarding their impacts on droplet size, uniformity, and penetration. The results indicate that the use of novel swirl nozzles combined with optimized operating pressure parameters can significantly enhance droplet fineness and uniformity while improving penetration within the crop canopy. Furthermore, the addition of specific surfactants enhances the adhesion properties of the solution on leaf surfaces. Innovatively, this study proposes an optimization scheme for spray technology based on atomization quality evaluation indicators and establishes a recommended parameter system for spraying applicable to different crop planting patterns. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for achieving precise pesticide application and is of great significance for promoting the technological upgrading of plant protection machinery and the development of sustainable agriculture.
KEY WORDS：Plant Protection Machinery；Spraying Technology；Atomization Characteristics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 高效植保机械研究背景与意义 1
1.2 喷雾技术与雾化效果的研究现状 1
第二章 喷雾技术原理与关键参数分析 2
2.1 喷雾技术的基本原理与机制 2
2.2 关键喷雾参数对效果的影响 2
2.3 喷雾技术优化的技术路径 3
第三章 雾化效果评价体系与影响因素 4
3.1 雾化效果的评价指标体系 4
3.2 影响雾化效果的主要因素分析 4
3.3 提高雾化效果的技术策略 4
第四章 高效植保机械的应用与性能评估 6
4.1 不同类型植保机械的喷雾特性 6
4.2 实际应用中的性能测试与分析 6
4.3 高效植保机械的改进方向 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
随着现代农业对精准农业和环境保护要求的不断提高，高效植保机械的喷雾技术与雾化效果成为提升农药利用率、减少环境污染的关键因素。本研究旨在分析不同植保机械喷雾技术的雾化特性及其对药液沉积分布的影响，通过实验室测试与田间试验相结合的方法，系统评估了多种喷头结构、工作压力及助剂添加方式对雾滴粒径、均匀性和穿透性的作用机制。研究结果表明，采用新型旋流式喷头并配合优化的工作压力参数，可显著提高雾滴的细度与均匀性，同时增强其在作物冠层中的穿透能力。此外，特定表面活性剂的添加进一步改善了药液在叶片表面的附着性能。本研究创新性地提出了基于雾化质量评价指标的喷雾技术优化方案，并建立了适用于不同作物种植模式的喷雾参数推荐体系，为实现精准施药提供了理论支持和技术指导，对推动植保机械的技术升级和可持续农业发展具有重要意义。
关键词：植保机械；喷雾技术；雾化特性
ABSTRACT
With the increasing demands of modern agriculture for precision farming and environmental protection, the spray technology and atomization performance of efficient plant protection machinery have become key factors in improving pesticide utilization and reducing environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the atomization characteristics of different plant protection machinery spray technologies and their effects on the deposition and distribution of pesticide solutions. By combining laboratory tests with field experiments, a systematic evaluation was conducted on the mechanisms of various nozzle structures, operating pressures, and adjuvant application methods regarding their impacts on droplet size, uniformity, and penetration. The results indicate that the use of novel swirl nozzles combined with optimized operating pressure parameters can significantly enhance droplet fineness and uniformity while improving penetration within the crop canopy. Furthermore, the addition of specific surfactants enhances the adhesion properties of the solution on leaf surfaces. Innovatively, this study proposes an optimization scheme for spray technology based on atomization quality evaluation indicators and establishes a recommended parameter system for spraying applicable to different crop planting patterns. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for achieving precise pesticide application and is of great significance for promoting the technological upgrading of plant protection machinery and the development of sustainable agriculture.
KEY WORDS：Plant Protection Machinery；Spraying Technology；Atomization Characteristics
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 高效植保机械研究背景与意义 1
1.2 喷雾技术与雾化效果的研究现状 1
第二章 喷雾技术原理与关键参数分析 2
2.1 喷雾技术的基本原理与机制 2
2.2 关键喷雾参数对效果的影响 2
2.3 喷雾技术优化的技术路径 3
第三章 雾化效果评价体系与影响因素 4
3.1 雾化效果的评价指标体系 4
3.2 影响雾化效果的主要因素分析 4
3.3 提高雾化效果的技术策略 4
第四章 高效植保机械的应用与性能评估 6
4.1 不同类型植保机械的喷雾特性 6
4.2 实际应用中的性能测试与分析 6
4.3 高效植保机械的改进方向 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
