公共产品供给对社会福利的促进机制 -经济学专业

摘要

公共产品供给作为社会福利体系的重要组成部分，其对社会公平与效率的促进作用已成为学术界关注的核心议题。本研究基于公共经济学理论框架，结合多维度实证分析方法，探讨了公共产品供给对社会福利的促进机制及其政策意义。研究以中国省级面板数据为样本，运用固定效应模型和工具变量法，系统评估了不同类型公共产品供给对居民生活质量、收入分配及社会凝聚力的影响。结果表明，教育、医疗等基础性公共产品的有效供给显著提升了社会整体福利水平，并在缩小城乡差距、优化资源配置方面发挥了关键作用。此外，研究发现环境类公共产品供给对社会福利的长期正向影响尤为突出，体现了可持续发展的重要性。本研究的创新点在于首次将社会凝聚力纳入福利评价体系，并通过构建综合指标量化公共产品供给的社会效益。这一方法不仅丰富了现有理论框架，也为政府制定精准化公共政策提供了科学依据。总体而言，研究结论强调了加强公共产品供给质量与效率的必要性，为实现社会公平与经济发展的良性互动提供了重要参考。

关键词：公共产品供给社会福利固定效应模型

Abstract

The provision of public goods, as a critical component of the social welfare system, has become a core issue in academia due to its role in promoting social equity and efficiency. Based on the theoretical fr amework of public economics and incorporating multidimensional empirical analysis methods, this study investigates the mechanisms by which the provision of public goods enhances social welfare and its policy implications. Using provincial panel data from China, the study employs fixed-effects models and instrumental variable approaches to systematically evaluate the impact of different types of public goods provision on residents' quality of life, income distribution, and social cohesion. The findings indicate that the effective supply of fundamental public goods, such as education and healthcare, significantly improves overall social welfare levels while playing a crucial role in narrowing urban-rural disparities and optimizing resource allocation. Moreover, the study reveals that the provision of environmental public goods exerts a particularly prominent long-term positive influence on social welfare, highlighting the importance of sustainable development. An innovation of this research lies in its first-time inclusion of social cohesion within the welfare evaluation system and the construction of a composite index to quantify the social benefits of public goods provision. This approach not only enriches the existing theoretical fr amework but also provides a scientific basis for governments to formulate precise public policies. Overall, the conclusions emphasize the necessity of enhancing the quality and efficiency of public goods provision, offering significant references for achieving a virtuous interaction between social equity and economic development.

Keyword:Public Goods Provision Social Welfare Fixed Effects Model

1绪论 1

1.1公共产品供给与社会福利的研究背景 1

1.2促进机制研究的理论与现实意义 1

1.3国内外研究现状与评述 1

1.4研究方法与技术路线 2

2公共产品供给的基本理论框架 2

2.1公共产品的定义与特征分析 2

2.2社会福利的内涵及其衡量标准 2

2.3公共产品供给对社会福利的作用机理 3

2.4理论模型构建与验证 3

3公共产品供给的影响因素分析 4