摘 要
《老人与海》是美国作家欧内斯特·海明威的经典小说，其核心主题之一便是硬汉精神的展现。本研究以该作品为切入点，探讨硬汉精神在文学中的内涵及其对现代社会的价值。本研究旨在通过文本细读与批判性分析，揭示硬汉精神在主人公桑提亚哥身上的具体体现，并探讨其超越个体层面的社会意义。研究采用文本分析法，结合象征主义解读和叙事学理论，深入剖析小说中的语言风格、情节结构及人物塑造。结果表明，硬汉精神不仅体现在面对困境时的坚韧不拔，更包含一种超越胜负的哲学态度，即“人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败”。这一精神在现代社会具有重要的启示作用，能够激励人们在逆境中保持尊严与勇气。本研究的创新点在于将硬汉精神置于更广泛的文化语境中进行考察，强调其普世价值，同时为理解海明威的作品提供了新的视角。主要贡献在于深化了对硬汉精神的理解，并为相关文学研究提供了理论支持。
关键词：硬汉精神；《老人与海》；桑提亚哥；文本分析；象征主义解读
The Embodiment of Hardship Mentality in "The Old Man and the Sea"
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract
The Old Man and the Sea is a classic novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway. One of its core themes is the presentation of the tough guy spirit. This study takes this work as the starting point to explore the connotation of tough man spirit in literature and its value to modern society. Through close reading and critical analysis of the text, this study aims to reveal the concrete embodiment of the tough guy spirit in the hero Santiago, and explore its social significance beyond the individual level. The text analysis method is used to analyze the language style, plot structure and character creation in the novel by combining symbolism interpretation and narratology theory. The results show that the tough man spirit is not only reflected in the perseverance in the face of difficulties, but also contains a philosophical attitude beyond winning and losing, that is, "people can be destroyed, but can not be defeated". This spirit has an important enlightening role in modern society, which can inspire people to maintain dignity and courage in the face of adversity. The innovation of this study is to examine the tough guy spirit in a broader cultural context, emphasizing its universal value, and providing a new perspective for understanding Hemingway's works. The main contribution is to deepen the understanding of the tough guy spirit and provide theoretical support for related literature research.
Keywords: Hard Man Spirit；The Old Man And The Sea；Santiago；Text Analysis；Symbolism Interpretation
目 录
引言 1
一、硬汉精神的文学背景与内涵 1
(一)硬汉精神的概念界定 1
(二)海明威作品中的硬汉传统 2
二、老人形象与硬汉精神的核心特质 3
(一)桑提亚哥的孤独与坚韧 3
(二)面对失败时的不屈意志 3
(三)精神力量对肉体痛苦的超越 4
三、自然挑战与硬汉精神的体现 5
(一)大海作为硬汉精神的试炼场 5
(二)人与自然的对抗与和解 5
(三)硬汉精神在极限环境中的升华 6
四、硬汉精神的文化意义与价值延伸 6
(一)硬汉精神对个人成长的启示 6
(二)硬汉精神的社会文化影响 7
结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 9
