不完全竞争市场中的价格歧视策略分析 -经济学专业

摘要

在不完全竞争市场中，企业面临差异化产品、信息不对称和市场势力等复杂因素，价格歧视作为一种重要的定价策略，对资源配置和福利分配产生深远影响。本研究旨在探讨不同类型价格歧视在不完全竞争市场中的形成机制及其经济效应，系统考察一级、二级和三级价格歧视对企业利润、消费者剩余及社会总福利的影响。研究发现，在特定条件下，价格歧视能够提高市场效率，增加企业利润，但同时也可能损害部分消费者利益，导致福利损失。创新之处在于引入了动态博弈框架，分析企业在不同市场结构下的最优价格歧视策略选择，并首次将消费者异质性纳入考量范围，为理解价格歧视的微观基础提供了新的视角。本研究还揭示了政府规制政策在平衡企业与消费者利益方面的重要作用，强调了适度监管对于维护市场公平竞争环境的必要性。这些结论不仅丰富了价格歧视理论体系，也为相关政策制定提供了有益参考。

关键词：价格歧视不完全竞争市场消费者剩余

Abstract

In the imperfect competitive market, enterprises are faced with complex factors such as differentiated products, information asymmetry and market power. As an important pricing strategy, price discrimination has a profound impact on resource allocation and welfare distribution. The purpose of this study is to explore the formation mechanism and economic effects of different types of price discrimination in imperfect competitive markets, and systematically examine the effects of first-level, second-level and third-level price discrimination on corporate profits, consumer surplus and total social welfare. It is found that under certain conditions, price discrimination can improve market efficiency and increase corporate profits, but it may also damage the interests of some consumers and lead to welfare losses. The innovation lies in the introduction of a dynamic game fr amework to analyze the optimal price discrimination strategy choices of enterprises under different market structures, and for the first time to take consumer heterogeneity into account, providing a new perspective for understanding the micro basis of price discrimination. This study also reveals the important role of government regulatory policies in balancing the interests of enterprises and consumers, and emphasizes the necessity of moderate regulation to maintain a fair competitive environment in the market. These conclusions not only enrich the theoretical system of price discrimination, but also provide useful reference for relevant policy making.

Keyword:Price Discrimination Incomplete Competition Market Consumer Surplus

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

2不完全竞争市场的理论基础 2

2.1市场结构特征分析 2

2.2价格歧视的基本概念 2

2.3价格歧视的类型划分 3

3价格歧视策略的实施条件 4

3.1市场分割的可能性 4

3.2消费者信息不对称 4

3.3企业定价能力评估 5