公共物品供给的经济学原理与政策分析 -经济学专业

摘要

公共物品供给是现代经济学研究的重要领域，其特殊性在于具有非排他性和非竞争性特征，这使得市场机制难以有效配置资源。本文旨在探讨公共物品供给的经济学原理及其政策选择，基于公共物品理论、博弈论和福利经济学等多学科视角，通过构建理论模型并结合实证分析方法，系统考察了不同供给模式对资源配置效率和社会福利的影响。研究发现，政府干预在公共物品供给中不可或缺，但传统单一供给模式存在效率损失问题；引入多元主体合作供给机制能够显著提升供给效率与公平性。创新点在于提出了“分层分类供给框架”，根据不同公共物品属性设计差异化供给策略，并首次将行为经济学因素纳入分析框架，揭示了公众参与意愿对供给效果的影响机制。研究结果表明，优化供给结构、强化跨部门协作、完善激励机制是提高公共物品供给质量的关键路径，为相关政策制定提供了理论依据和实践指导，有助于推动社会治理体系现代化建设。

关键词：公共物品供给政府干预多元主体合作

Abstract

The provision of public goods is a critical area of study in modern economics, characterized by non-excludability and non-rivalry, which render market mechanisms ineffective in resource allocation. This paper aims to explore the economic principles and policy options for public goods provision from multidisciplinary perspectives including public goods theory, game theory, and welfare economics. By constructing theoretical models and employing empirical analysis methods, this study systematically examines the impact of different supply models on resource allocation efficiency and social welfare. The findings indicate that government intervention is indispensable in the provision of public goods; however, traditional single-source supply models suffer from efficiency losses. Introducing a multi-stakeholder collaborative supply mechanism can significantly enhance both supply efficiency and equity. A key innovation lies in proposing a “tiered and categorized supply fr amework,” which designs differentiated supply strategies based on the attributes of various public goods, and incorporates behavioral economics factors into the analytical fr amework for the first time, revealing the influence mechanism of public participation willingness on supply outcomes. The results suggest that optimizing the supply structure, strengthening inter-departmental collaboration, and improving incentive mechanisms are crucial pathways to enhancing the quality of public goods provision, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for relevant policy formulation, thereby contributing to the modernization of social governance systems.

Keyword:Public Goods Provision Government Intervention Multi-Subject Cooperation

引言 1

1公共物品的定义与特征 1

1.1公共物品的基本概念 1

1.2非排他性与非竞争性分析 2

1.3公共物品的分类探讨 2

2公共物品供给的市场失灵 3

2.1市场机制的局限性 3

2.2外部性问题剖析 3

2.3信息不对称的影响 4

3政府在公共物品供给中的角色 4

3.1政府供给的理论依据 4