《复活》中聂赫留朵夫的人物形象与灵魂救赎
摘 要
托尔斯泰的《复活》作为19世纪俄国现实主义文学的经典之作，通过聂赫留朵夫这一人物形象深刻揭示了人性救赎的主题。本文旨在探讨聂赫留朵夫从贵族青年到精神重生的心路历程，分析其在道德觉醒与社会批判中的双重意义。研究基于文本细读与比较文学方法，结合历史语境考察人物性格发展轨迹。通过对聂赫留朵夫三次法庭场景的心理变化、与玛丝洛娃关系演变以及对自身阶层反思的剖析，发现其灵魂救赎并非简单的宗教皈依，而是建立在对社会不公的深刻认识之上。本文创新性地将个人救赎置于社会变革背景下考察，指出聂赫留朵夫的精神转变体现了作者对俄国社会转型期的思考。研究结果表明，聂赫留朵夫的形象塑造不仅反映了托尔斯泰的人道主义思想，更展现了个体在时代洪流中寻求自我超越的可能性，为理解19世纪末俄国知识分子的精神世界提供了新的视角。
关键词：托尔斯泰；聂赫留朵夫；人性救赎
Abstract
Leo Tolstoy's "Resurrection," as a quintessential work of 19th-century Russian realism, profoundly explores the theme of human redemption through the character of Nekhlyudov. This study aims to examine Nekhlyudov's psychological journey from a young aristocrat to spiritual rebirth, analyzing its dual significance in moral awakening and social critique. Based on close reading and comparative literature methods, and considering the historical context, this research traces the trajectory of the character's personality development. By scrutinizing Nekhlyudov's psychological changes across three courtroom scenes, the evolution of his relationship with Maslova, and his reflections on his own class, it is revealed that his soul's redemption is not merely a religious conversion but is grounded in a profound recognition of social injustice. Innovatively placing individual redemption within the backdrop of social transformation, this study argues that Nekhlyudov's spiritual transformation embodies Tolstoy's contemplation of Russia's transitional period. The findings indicate that the portrayal of Nekhlyudov not only reflects Tolstoy's humanitarian ideals but also demonstrates the possibility of individuals seeking self-transcendence amidst the currents of their time, providing new insights into understanding the spiritual world of Russian intellectuals at the end of the 19th century.
Keywords: Tolstoy；Nekhlyudov；Human Redemption
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、聂赫留朵夫的罪与罚 1
（一）罪恶的起源与堕落 1
（二）法律审判中的自我审视 2
（三）内心的道德审判 2
二、人性觉醒的过程 3
（一）遭遇玛丝洛娃后的触动 3
（二）对社会不公的认知深化 3
（三）自我意识的逐步觉醒 4
三、灵魂救赎的路径 4
（一）行动上的改变与付出 4
（二）思想观念的革新转变 5
（三）宗教信仰的影响作用 5
四、救赎完成与新生 5
（一）与玛丝洛娃关系的升华 5
（二）社会责任感的重建确立 6
（三）个人精神境界的提升 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
摘 要
托尔斯泰的《复活》作为19世纪俄国现实主义文学的经典之作，通过聂赫留朵夫这一人物形象深刻揭示了人性救赎的主题。本文旨在探讨聂赫留朵夫从贵族青年到精神重生的心路历程，分析其在道德觉醒与社会批判中的双重意义。研究基于文本细读与比较文学方法，结合历史语境考察人物性格发展轨迹。通过对聂赫留朵夫三次法庭场景的心理变化、与玛丝洛娃关系演变以及对自身阶层反思的剖析，发现其灵魂救赎并非简单的宗教皈依，而是建立在对社会不公的深刻认识之上。本文创新性地将个人救赎置于社会变革背景下考察，指出聂赫留朵夫的精神转变体现了作者对俄国社会转型期的思考。研究结果表明，聂赫留朵夫的形象塑造不仅反映了托尔斯泰的人道主义思想，更展现了个体在时代洪流中寻求自我超越的可能性，为理解19世纪末俄国知识分子的精神世界提供了新的视角。
关键词：托尔斯泰；聂赫留朵夫；人性救赎
Abstract
Leo Tolstoy's "Resurrection," as a quintessential work of 19th-century Russian realism, profoundly explores the theme of human redemption through the character of Nekhlyudov. This study aims to examine Nekhlyudov's psychological journey from a young aristocrat to spiritual rebirth, analyzing its dual significance in moral awakening and social critique. Based on close reading and comparative literature methods, and considering the historical context, this research traces the trajectory of the character's personality development. By scrutinizing Nekhlyudov's psychological changes across three courtroom scenes, the evolution of his relationship with Maslova, and his reflections on his own class, it is revealed that his soul's redemption is not merely a religious conversion but is grounded in a profound recognition of social injustice. Innovatively placing individual redemption within the backdrop of social transformation, this study argues that Nekhlyudov's spiritual transformation embodies Tolstoy's contemplation of Russia's transitional period. The findings indicate that the portrayal of Nekhlyudov not only reflects Tolstoy's humanitarian ideals but also demonstrates the possibility of individuals seeking self-transcendence amidst the currents of their time, providing new insights into understanding the spiritual world of Russian intellectuals at the end of the 19th century.
Keywords: Tolstoy；Nekhlyudov；Human Redemption
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、聂赫留朵夫的罪与罚 1
（一）罪恶的起源与堕落 1
（二）法律审判中的自我审视 2
（三）内心的道德审判 2
二、人性觉醒的过程 3
（一）遭遇玛丝洛娃后的触动 3
（二）对社会不公的认知深化 3
（三）自我意识的逐步觉醒 4
三、灵魂救赎的路径 4
（一）行动上的改变与付出 4
（二）思想观念的革新转变 5
（三）宗教信仰的影响作用 5
四、救赎完成与新生 5
（一）与玛丝洛娃关系的升华 5
（二）社会责任感的重建确立 6
（三）个人精神境界的提升 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
