花生连作障碍的土壤微生物机制研究 -农学专业

摘要

花生连作障碍是制约花生产量和品质提升的重要因素，本研究旨在揭示土壤微生物在花生连作障碍中的作用机制。通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法，选取不同连作年限的花生种植地为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术对土壤微生物群落结构进行测定，并结合土壤理化性质分析。结果表明，随着连作年限增加，土壤中病原菌相对丰度显著上升，有益微生物数量减少，土壤微生态平衡被打破，导致作物生长受抑。创新性地发现特定功能微生物类群与连作障碍密切相关，如某些真菌门类在连作条件下富集且与植物根系病害发生率呈正相关。此外，提出通过调控关键微生物类群来缓解连作障碍的新思路，为解决花生连作问题提供了理论依据和技术支持，对指导农业生产实践具有重要意义。

关键词：花生连作障碍；土壤微生物群落；病原菌丰度

STUDY ON SOIL MICROBIAL MECHANISM OF CONTINUOUS CROPPING OBSTACLE OF PEANUT

ABSTRACT

The obstacle of continuous cropping of peanut is an important factor restricting the improvement of peanut yield and quality. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of soil microorganisms in the obstacle of continuous cropping of peanut. Through the method of field experiment and laboratory analysis, peanut planting fields with different continuous cropping years were selected as the research ob jects, and the soil microbial community structure was determined by high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that with the increase of continuous cropping years, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in soil increased significantly, the number of beneficial microorganisms decreased, the soil microecological balance was broken, and the crop growth was suppressed. It was innovatively found that specific functional microbial groups were closely related to continuous cropping obstacles, for example, some fungal groups were enriched under continuous cropping conditions and positively correlated with the incidence of plant root diseases. In addition, a new idea of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles by regulating key microbial groups was proposed, which provided theoretical basis and technical support for solving the problem of continuous cropping of peanut, and had important significance for guiding agricultural production practice.

KEY WORDS：Obstacle of continuous cropping of peanut; Soil microbial community; Abundance of pathogenic bacteria

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1

第2章花生连作障碍的土壤微生物群落变化 2

2.1 微生物多样性分析 2

2.2 关键功能微生物鉴定 2

2.3 连作对微生物群落的影响 3

第3章土壤微生物与花生生长的关系 4

3.1 微生物对养分循环的作用 4