药物经济学在老年患者用药中的应用 -药学专业

摘要

随着人口老龄化加剧，老年患者用药问题日益凸显，药物经济学在优化老年患者用药方案方面具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨药物经济学在老年患者用药中的应用，以实现合理用药、控制医疗成本并提高健康效益。通过系统评价国内外相关文献，结合实际案例分析，采用成本 - 效果分析、成本 - 效用分析等方法，对多种常见老年疾病（如高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等）的治疗药物进行经济学评价。结果表明，在保证疗效的前提下，部分国产仿制药相较于进口原研药具有更高的性价比；对于某些慢性疾病，长期维持治疗时选择特定药物可显著降低整体医疗费用且不良反应发生率较低。本研究创新性地将药物经济学理论与老年医学特点相结合，为临床医生制定个性化用药方案提供了科学依据，有助于医保部门优化药品报销目录，同时为患者及其家庭减轻经济负担，促进社会资源合理配置，在改善老年患者生活质量方面具有重要价值。

关键词：药物经济学；老年患者用药；成本-效果分析

Abstract

As the aging population increases, medication issues among elderly patients have become more prominent, highlighting the significance of pharmacoeconomics in optimizing medication regimens for this demographic. This study aims to investigate the application of pharmacoeconomics in elderly patient medication management to achieve rational drug use, control healthcare costs, and improve health outcomes. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international literature and analyzing actual case studies, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were employed to evaluate the economics of treatment medications for common geriatric diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The findings indicate that, under the premise of ensuring therapeutic efficacy, certain domestically produced generic drugs offer higher cost-effectiveness compared to imported original research drugs; for some chronic conditions, selecting specific medications for long-term maintenance therapy can significantly reduce overall medical expenses while maintaining a lower incidence of adverse reactions. Innovatively integrating pharmacoeconomic theory with the characteristics of geriatric medicine, this study provides a scientific basis for clinicians to develop personalized medication plans, assists health insurance departments in optimizing drug reimbursement lists, and alleviates the economic burden on patients and their families, thereby promoting the rational allocation of social resources and enhancing the quality of life for elderly patients.

Keywords：Pharmacoeconomics；Medication For Elderly Patients；Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

摘要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

第一章老年患者用药的经济负担 2

1.1 老年人群用药特点分析 2

1.2 用药成本构成要素解析 2

1.3 经济负担对治疗依从性影响 3

第二章成本效益分析方法应用 4

2.1 成本效益评估框架构建 4

2.2 关键指标体系的建立 4

2.3 实证研究案例分析 5