药物经济学在儿科用药中的应用 -药学专业

摘要

随着医疗技术发展和儿童用药需求增加，儿科药物的合理使用及成本效益问题日益受到关注。本研究旨在探讨药物经济学在儿科用药中的应用价值，为优化儿科临床用药提供科学依据。通过系统评价国内外相关文献，结合实际案例分析，采用成本-效果分析、成本-效用分析等方法，对常见儿科疾病治疗方案进行经济性评估。研究发现，在保证疗效前提下，部分替代药物或治疗方案能显著降低医疗费用，提高资源利用效率。特别是在呼吸系统疾病、感染性疾病等领域，通过药物经济学评价可筛选出更具性价比的治疗选择。创新点在于首次将真实世界数据与传统经济学模型相结合，构建适用于中国国情的儿科用药评价体系，弥补了现有研究中缺乏本土化数据的不足。此外，本研究还建立了基于多中心数据的儿科用药数据库，为后续研究提供了宝贵资料。结果表明，运用药物经济学原理指导儿科临床用药决策，不仅有助于控制医疗成本，还能提升医疗服务质量和患者满意度，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

关键词：儿科药物经济学；成本-效果分析；儿童用药优化

Abstract

With the advancement of medical technology and the increasing demand for pediatric medications, the rational use and cost-effectiveness of pediatric drugs have garnered significant attention. This study aims to explore the application value of pharmacoeconomics in pediatric medication to provide a scientific basis for optimizing clinical drug use in pediatrics. By systematically reviewing relevant literature both domestically and internationally, and combining it with case analysis, this research employs methods such as cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis to evaluate the economic aspects of treatment regimens for common pediatric diseases. The findings indicate that under the premise of ensuring therapeutic efficacy, certain alternative drugs or treatment options can significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve resource utilization efficiency. Particularly in respiratory and infectious diseases, pharmacoeconomic evaluations can identify more cost-effective treatment choices. An innovation of this study lies in its first-time integration of real-world data with traditional economic models to construct a pediatric medication evaluation system suitable for China's national conditions, addressing the lack of localized data in existing research. Additionally, this study has established a pediatric medication database based on multi-center data, providing valuable resources for future research. The results demonstrate that applying pharmacoeconomic principles to guide clinical decision-making in pediatric medication not only helps control healthcare costs but also enhances the quality of medical services and patient satisfaction, holding important theoretical and practical significance.

Keywords：Pediatric Pharmacoeconomics；Cost-Effectiveness Analysis；Pediatric Medication Optimization

摘要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

第一章药物经济学基础理论 2

1.1 药物经济学定义与原理 2

1.2 儿科用药特殊性分析 2

1.3 经济评价方法概述 3

第二章儿科用药成本分析 4

2.1 直接医疗成本核算 4

2.2 间接成本考量因素 4

2.3 成本数据收集方法 5