新型复合超滤膜的制备及其在海水淡化中的应用研究
摘 要
随着全球水资源短缺问题日益严重，海水淡化成为解决淡水资源不足的重要途径之一。传统超滤膜在海水淡化过程中存在通量低、抗污染能力差等缺陷，为此本研究以提升超滤膜性能为目标，制备了一种新型复合超滤膜并探究其在海水淡化中的应用。本研究采用相转化法结合表面修饰技术，选用聚醚砜为基材，在其表面引入具有亲水性和抗菌性的纳米二氧化钛和壳聚糖，成功制备出新型复合超滤膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对复合超滤膜的结构与性能进行表征，结果表明该复合超滤膜具有均匀致密的表面结构，且亲水性、机械强度以及抗菌性能均得到显著改善。将其应用于海水淡化实验中，发现相较于传统超滤膜，新型复合超滤膜展现出更高的水通量，可有效截留海水中大部分盐分，脱盐率高达98%以上，并且在长时间运行后仍能保持较好的通量稳定性和抗污染能力。
关键词：海水淡化 复合超滤膜 聚醚砜
Abstract
With the increasing problem of global water shortage, seawater desalination has become one of the important ways to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. Traditional ultrafiltration membrane has low flux and poor pollution resistance in the seawater desalination process. Therefore, this study aims to improve the performance of ultrafiltration membrane, prepare a new type of composite ultrafiltration membrane and explore its application in seawater desalination. In this study, the phase conversion method combined with surface modification technology, selected polyether sulfone as the substrate, introduced hydrophilic and antibacterial nano titanium dioxide and chitosan on the surface, and the new composite ultrafiltration membrane was successfully prepared. As the structure and properties of the composite ultrafiltration membrane are characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the results show that the composite ultrafiltration membrane has a uniform and compact surface structure, and its hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties are significantly improved. Applied to the seawater desalination experiment, it is found that compared with the traditional ultrafiltration membrane, the new composite ultrafiltration membrane shows a higher water flux, can effectively intercept most of the salt in the seawater, the desalination rate is up to 98%, and can still maintain good flux stability and anti-pollution ability after a long time of operation.
Keyword:Seawater Desalination Composite Ultrafiltration Membrane Polyether Sulfone
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2新型复合超滤膜的制备工艺 2
2.1制备材料的选择与特性 2
2.2膜制备的关键技术 2
2.3制备过程中的影响因素分析 3
3复合超滤膜的性能表征 4
3.1膜结构与形貌分析 4
3.2力学性能测试 4
3.3选择性透过性能评估 5
4海水淡化应用效果评价 5
4.1实验装置与流程设计 6
4.2淡化效率与能耗分析 6
4.3长期运行稳定性考察 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
摘 要
随着全球水资源短缺问题日益严重，海水淡化成为解决淡水资源不足的重要途径之一。传统超滤膜在海水淡化过程中存在通量低、抗污染能力差等缺陷，为此本研究以提升超滤膜性能为目标，制备了一种新型复合超滤膜并探究其在海水淡化中的应用。本研究采用相转化法结合表面修饰技术，选用聚醚砜为基材，在其表面引入具有亲水性和抗菌性的纳米二氧化钛和壳聚糖，成功制备出新型复合超滤膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对复合超滤膜的结构与性能进行表征，结果表明该复合超滤膜具有均匀致密的表面结构，且亲水性、机械强度以及抗菌性能均得到显著改善。将其应用于海水淡化实验中，发现相较于传统超滤膜，新型复合超滤膜展现出更高的水通量，可有效截留海水中大部分盐分，脱盐率高达98%以上，并且在长时间运行后仍能保持较好的通量稳定性和抗污染能力。
关键词：海水淡化 复合超滤膜 聚醚砜
Abstract
With the increasing problem of global water shortage, seawater desalination has become one of the important ways to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. Traditional ultrafiltration membrane has low flux and poor pollution resistance in the seawater desalination process. Therefore, this study aims to improve the performance of ultrafiltration membrane, prepare a new type of composite ultrafiltration membrane and explore its application in seawater desalination. In this study, the phase conversion method combined with surface modification technology, selected polyether sulfone as the substrate, introduced hydrophilic and antibacterial nano titanium dioxide and chitosan on the surface, and the new composite ultrafiltration membrane was successfully prepared. As the structure and properties of the composite ultrafiltration membrane are characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the results show that the composite ultrafiltration membrane has a uniform and compact surface structure, and its hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties are significantly improved. Applied to the seawater desalination experiment, it is found that compared with the traditional ultrafiltration membrane, the new composite ultrafiltration membrane shows a higher water flux, can effectively intercept most of the salt in the seawater, the desalination rate is up to 98%, and can still maintain good flux stability and anti-pollution ability after a long time of operation.
Keyword:Seawater Desalination Composite Ultrafiltration Membrane Polyether Sulfone
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.3研究方法与技术路线 1
2新型复合超滤膜的制备工艺 2
2.1制备材料的选择与特性 2
2.2膜制备的关键技术 2
2.3制备过程中的影响因素分析 3
3复合超滤膜的性能表征 4
3.1膜结构与形貌分析 4
3.2力学性能测试 4
3.3选择性透过性能评估 5
4海水淡化应用效果评价 5
4.1实验装置与流程设计 6
4.2淡化效率与能耗分析 6
4.3长期运行稳定性考察 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
