摘要
随着电动汽车产业的快速发展，快充技术成为提升用户体验的关键因素之一，但其对电池寿命的影响尚不明确。本研究旨在系统分析不同快充模式对锂离子动力电池寿命的影响机制，通过建立多物理场耦合模型，结合实验测试与仿真分析，探讨温度、充电倍率、SOC区间等关键参数对电池老化特性的作用规律。研究选取典型三元材料体系电池，在不同环境温度（-10℃至45℃）下进行1C-6C倍率循环测试，同时采用原位表征技术监测电极微观结构演变。结果表明，高倍率快充会加速正极材料表面SEI膜增厚，负极析锂风险显著增加，且在低温环境下更为明显；当充电倍率超过3C时，电池容量衰减速率呈指数上升，循环寿命缩短约30%-50%。创新性地提出基于“温控+智能充电策略”的优化方案，可有效缓解快充带来的负面影响，在保证快速补能的同时延长电池使用寿命20%以上，为电动汽车快充技术的推广应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：锂离子电池；快充技术；电池寿命
Abstract
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, fast charging technology has become one of the key factors in enhancing user experience; however, its impact on battery lifespan remains unclear. This study aims to systematically analyze the mechanisms by which different fast-charging modes affect the lifespan of lithium-ion power batteries. By establishing a multiphysics coupling model and integrating experimental testing with simulation analysis, this research explores the effects of critical parameters such as temperature, charging rate, and state-of-charge (SOC) range on battery aging characteristics. Typical ternary material system batteries were selected for 1C-6C rate cycling tests under various environmental temperatures ranging from -10°C to 45°C, while in-situ characterization techniques were employed to monitor the evolution of electrode microstructure. The results indicate that high-rate fast charging accelerates the thickening of the SEI film on the positive electrode material and significantly increases the risk of lithium plating on the negative electrode, particularly in low-temperature environments. When the charging rate exceeds 3C, the rate of capacity fade exhibits exponential growth, reducing the cycle life by approximately 30%-50%. An innovative optimization scheme based on "temperature control + intelligent charging strategy" is proposed, which can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of fast charging, extending battery lifespan by more than 20% while ensuring rapid energy replenishment. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the promotion and application of fast-charging technology in electric vehicles.
Keywords：Lithium-Ion Battery; Fast Charging Technology; Battery Life
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、快充技术原理及其对电池的影响机制 2
(一) 快充技术基本原理 2
(二) 快充过程中的热效应分析 3
(三) 快充对电池内部结构的影响 3
三、快充频率与电池寿命的关系研究 4
(一) 不同快充频率下的电池性能变化 4
(二) 快充频率对电池老化速率的影响 5
(三) 优化快充频率的策略探讨 5
四、快充温度管理对电池寿命的影响 6
(一) 温度对电池化学反应的影响 6
(二) 快充过程中的温度控制技术 7
(三) 温度管理对电池寿命的提升效果 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
随着电动汽车产业的快速发展，快充技术成为提升用户体验的关键因素之一，但其对电池寿命的影响尚不明确。本研究旨在系统分析不同快充模式对锂离子动力电池寿命的影响机制，通过建立多物理场耦合模型，结合实验测试与仿真分析，探讨温度、充电倍率、SOC区间等关键参数对电池老化特性的作用规律。研究选取典型三元材料体系电池，在不同环境温度（-10℃至45℃）下进行1C-6C倍率循环测试，同时采用原位表征技术监测电极微观结构演变。结果表明，高倍率快充会加速正极材料表面SEI膜增厚，负极析锂风险显著增加，且在低温环境下更为明显；当充电倍率超过3C时，电池容量衰减速率呈指数上升，循环寿命缩短约30%-50%。创新性地提出基于“温控+智能充电策略”的优化方案，可有效缓解快充带来的负面影响，在保证快速补能的同时延长电池使用寿命20%以上，为电动汽车快充技术的推广应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。
关键词：锂离子电池；快充技术；电池寿命
Abstract
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, fast charging technology has become one of the key factors in enhancing user experience; however, its impact on battery lifespan remains unclear. This study aims to systematically analyze the mechanisms by which different fast-charging modes affect the lifespan of lithium-ion power batteries. By establishing a multiphysics coupling model and integrating experimental testing with simulation analysis, this research explores the effects of critical parameters such as temperature, charging rate, and state-of-charge (SOC) range on battery aging characteristics. Typical ternary material system batteries were selected for 1C-6C rate cycling tests under various environmental temperatures ranging from -10°C to 45°C, while in-situ characterization techniques were employed to monitor the evolution of electrode microstructure. The results indicate that high-rate fast charging accelerates the thickening of the SEI film on the positive electrode material and significantly increases the risk of lithium plating on the negative electrode, particularly in low-temperature environments. When the charging rate exceeds 3C, the rate of capacity fade exhibits exponential growth, reducing the cycle life by approximately 30%-50%. An innovative optimization scheme based on "temperature control + intelligent charging strategy" is proposed, which can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of fast charging, extending battery lifespan by more than 20% while ensuring rapid energy replenishment. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the promotion and application of fast-charging technology in electric vehicles.
Keywords：Lithium-Ion Battery; Fast Charging Technology; Battery Life
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状 1
(三) 研究方法概述 2
二、快充技术原理及其对电池的影响机制 2
(一) 快充技术基本原理 2
(二) 快充过程中的热效应分析 3
(三) 快充对电池内部结构的影响 3
三、快充频率与电池寿命的关系研究 4
(一) 不同快充频率下的电池性能变化 4
(二) 快充频率对电池老化速率的影响 5
(三) 优化快充频率的策略探讨 5
四、快充温度管理对电池寿命的影响 6
(一) 温度对电池化学反应的影响 6
(二) 快充过程中的温度控制技术 7
(三) 温度管理对电池寿命的提升效果 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
