摘 要
坡耕地水土流失是我国南方丘陵山区面临的重大生态环境问题，严重制约区域可持续发展。本研究以南方典型坡耕地为对象，基于野外调查、室内实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统探讨了坡耕地水土流失的形成机理及其影响因素。研究发现，坡耕地水土流失主要受地形坡度、土壤特性、植被覆盖及降雨特征等多因子共同作用，其中坡度和植被覆盖是关键影响因素。通过构建坡面径流-侵蚀耦合模型，揭示了不同土地利用方式下水土流失动态变化规律，提出了基于生态工程措施与农业管理技术相结合的综合防治体系。该体系包括梯田化改造、植被缓冲带建设、等高耕作模式推广以及合理施肥等具体措施，有效降低了坡耕地水土流失强度。研究表明，采取科学合理的防治措施可显著改善坡耕地生态环境质量，提高土地生产力，为我国南方丘陵山区生态保护与可持续发展提供了理论依据和技术支持。本研究创新性地将生态系统服务功能理念融入水土保持实践，建立了定量评估方法，丰富和发展了传统水土保持理论体系，具有重要的学术价值和应用前景。
关键词：水土流失；坡耕地；地形坡度；植被覆盖；生态工程措施
MECHANISM OF SOIL AND WATER LOSS IN SLOPING FARMLAND AND ITS CONTROL MEASURES
ABSTRACT
Soil and water loss of sloping farmland is an important ecological and environmental problem facing the hilly and mountainous areas in south China, which seriously restricts the regional sustainable development. Based on the methods of field investigation, laboratory experiment and numerical simulation, this study systematically discussed the formation mechanism and influencing factors of soil and water loss in typical sloping farmland in southern China. It is found that soil and water loss in sloping land is mainly affected by the combination of terrain slope, soil characteristics, vegetation cover and rainfall characteristics, among which slope and vegetation cover are the key influencing factors. By constructing the coupling model of runoff and erosion on slope, the dynamic changes of soil and water loss under different land use modes were revealed, and a comprehensive control system based on ecological engineering measures and agricultural management technology was proposed. The system includes concrete measures such as terracing transformation, vegetation buffer zone construction, popularization of contour cultivation mode and rational fertilization, which effectively reduces the intensity of soil and water loss in sloping farmland. The research shows that scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures can significantly improve the ecological environment quality of slope cultivated land, improve land productivity, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for ecological protection and sustainable development of southern hilly areas in China. This study innovatively integrates the concept of ecosystem service function into soil and water conservation practice, establishes a quantitative assessment method, enriches and develops the traditional theoretical system of soil and water conservation, and has important academic value and application prospects.
KEY WORDS：Soil erosion; Sloping land; Topographic slope; Vegetation cover; Ecological engineering measures
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 坡耕地水土流失机理分析 3
2.1 地形因素对水土流失的影响 3
2.2 植被覆盖与水土保持关系 3
2.3 降雨侵蚀力及其作用机制 4
第3章 坡耕地水土流失影响因素 5
3.1 土壤特性与水土流失关联 5
3.2 农业活动对水土流失的影响 5
3.3 气候变化与水土流失的关系 5
第4章 坡耕地水土流失防治措施 7
4.1 生物措施的应用与效果 7
4.2 工程措施的实施与评估 7
4.3 综合治理模式探讨 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
