摘 要
水土流失是全球面临的重大生态环境问题，植被作为重要的生态因子，在水土保持中发挥着不可替代的作用。不同植被类型具有不同的结构特征和生理特性，对水土保持效果存在差异。本研究旨在探讨不同植被类型对水土保持效果的影响，为合理选择植被类型提供科学依据。选取典型区域，设置样地，分别种植草地、灌木林地、乔木林地等不同植被类型，通过野外调查与室内实验相结合的方法，测定土壤侵蚀量、土壤含水量、植被覆盖度等指标。结果表明，乔木林地的水土保持效果最佳，其土壤侵蚀量最小，土壤含水量最高，植被覆盖度最大；灌木林地次之；草地相对较差。这主要是因为乔木根系发达，能够有效固持土壤，且冠层截留能力强，减少雨滴对地表的直接冲击。本研究创新性地对比分析了多种常见植被类型的水土保持效果，并从植被结构和功能角度揭示了其内在机制，为植被配置优化提供了理论支持，有助于提高水土保持效率，改善生态环境。
关键词：水土保持；植被类型；土壤侵蚀
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES ON SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
ABSTRACT
Soil and water loss is a major ecological and environmental problem in the world. Vegetation, as an important ecological factor, plays an irreplaceable role in soil and water conservation. Different vegetation types have different structural and physiological characteristics and have different effects on soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different vegetation types on soil and water conservation, and to provide scientific basis for rational selection of vegetation types. Typical areas were selected, sample plots were set up, and different vegetation types such as grassland, shrubbery woodland, and arbor woodland were planted respectively. Soil erosion, soil water content, vegetation coverage and other indicators were measured by combining field investigation with laboratory experiments. The results showed that the arbor forest had the best soil and water conservation effect, the smallest soil erosion, the highest soil water content and the largest vegetation coverage. Shrub land followed; The grass is relatively poor. This is mainly because trees have developed roots, which can effectively hold the soil, and the canopy has a strong interception ability to reduce the direct impact of raindrops on the surface. This study innovatively compares and analyzes the effects of soil and water conservation of various common vegetation types, and reveals its internal mechanism from the perspective of vegetation structure and function, which provides theoretical support for the optimization of vegetation allocation, and helps to improve soil and water conservation efficiency and ecological environment.
KEY WORDS：Soil and water conservation; Vegetation type; Soil erosion
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 植被类型与水土保持关系 3
2.1 主要植被类型概述 3
2.2 植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的影响 3
2.3 不同植被类型的根系特征分析 4
第3章 植被对水土流失过程的影响 5
3.1 降雨截留与地表径流调控 5
3.2 土壤水分动态变化机制 5
3.3 植被对泥沙输移的影响 5
第4章 植被类型优化配置研究 7
4.1 植被配置模式探讨 7
4.2 不同地形条件下的植被选择 7
4.3 植被恢复与重建策略 7
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
