摘 要
木质素作为自然界中含量丰富的芳香族聚合物，其降解与转化一直是生物质资源高效利用的关键环节。本研究旨在探索生物转化法在木质素降解中的应用潜力，以期为木质素的高值化利用提供新思路。通过筛选多种微生物菌株并优化培养条件，重点考察了白腐真菌、芽孢杆菌等对木质素及其模型化合物的降解效果。实验采用摇瓶发酵结合固定化技术，系统分析了不同因素对降解效率的影响。结果表明，在适宜条件下，特定菌株可显著提高木质素降解率，最高可达45%，且产物中检测到多种具有潜在工业价值的小分子化合物。创新性地引入了复合菌群协同作用机制，发现多菌种联合处理能有效克服单一菌株代谢局限，提升降解效率和产物多样性。此外，首次建立了基于代谢组学的木质素降解路径解析方法，为深入理解木质素生物转化机理提供了理论依据。本研究不仅揭示了微生物在木质素降解中的重要作用，还为后续开发高效木质素降解体系奠定了基础，具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。
关键词：木质素降解 生物转化 白腐真菌
Abstract
Lignin, as an abundant aromatic polymer in nature, plays a crucial role in the efficient utilization of biomass resources, with its degradation and transformation being key processes. This study aims to explore the potential of biotransformation methods in lignin degradation, providing new insights into the high-value utilization of lignin. By screening multiple microbial strains and optimizing cultivation conditions, the degradation effects of white-rot fungi, Bacillus species, and others on lignin and its model compounds were thoroughly investigated. The experiments combined shake-flask fermentation with immobilization technology to systematically analyze the influence of various factors on degradation efficiency. The results demonstrated that under optimal conditions, specific strains could significantly enhance lignin degradation rates, reaching up to 45%, with the detection of multiple small molecules of potential industrial value in the products. Innovatively, the synergistic action mechanism of composite microbial consortia was introduced, revealing that multi-species co-treatment can effectively overcome the me tabolic limitations of single strains, thereby improving degradation efficiency and product diversity. Additionally, a me tabolomics-based method for parsing lignin degradation pathways was established for the first time, offering theoretical evidence for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying lignin biotransformation. This research not only elucidates the significant role of microorganisms in lignin degradation but also lays the foundation for developing efficient lignin degradation systems, holding important scientific significance and application prospects.
Keyword:Lignin Degradation Biotransformation White-Rot Fungi
目 录
引言 1
1木质素降解的生物转化原理 1
1.1木质素结构与特性分析 1
1.2生物转化法基本机制 2
1.3关键酶系及其作用机理 2
2生物转化体系构建与优化 3
2.1微生物菌株筛选策略 3
2.2反应条件优化研究 3
2.3系统稳定性评估方法 4
3生物转化过程中的影响因素 4
3.1温度对降解效率的影响 4
3.3底物浓度与反应速率关系 5
4生物转化法的应用前景 6
4.1工业化应用潜力探讨 6
4.2环境效益评价指标 6
4.3经济可行性分析研究 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
