摘 要
随着工业发展，废水处理成为环境保护的关键问题。传统处理方法存在成本高、效率低等不足，电化学还原技术因高效、环保等优势在废水处理领域展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨电化学还原技术对不同类型废水的处理效果，通过构建不同电极材料和反应体系，优化操作参数，以提高污染物去除率并降低能耗。实验选取了含重金属离子、有机物等典型废水为研究对象，采用自制的电化学反应装置，选用多种电极材料如石墨烯基复合材料等进行对比实验，探究电流密度、pH值、电解质浓度等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明，在适宜条件下，该技术能有效去除废水中90%以上的重金属离子和85%左右的有机物，且与传统方法相比，具有更低的二次污染风险和更高的资源回收利用率。创新点在于开发新型电极材料显著提升了反应活性，并首次提出基于电化学还原原理的协同处理机制，为实现废水深度净化提供了新思路，也为电化学还原技术的实际应用奠定了理论基础。
关键词：电化学还原技术 废水处理 重金属离子去除
Abstract
With the development of industry, wastewater treatment has become a critical environmental protection issue. Traditional treatment methods suffer from drawbacks such as high costs and low efficiency, whereas electrochemical reduction technology demonstrates significant potential in wastewater treatment due to its advantages of high efficiency and environmental friendliness. This study aims to investigate the treatment effects of electrochemical reduction technology on different types of wastewater by constructing various electrode materials and reaction systems, optimizing operating parameters to enhance pollutant removal rates while reducing energy consumption. Experiments were conducted using typical wastewaters containing heavy me tal ions and organic compounds as research subjects, employing a self-made electrochemical reactor and comparing multiple electrode materials such as graphene-based composites, to explore the influence of factors like current density, pH value, and electrolyte concentration on treatment efficiency. Results indicate that under appropriate conditions, this technology can effectively remove over 90% of heavy me tal ions and approximately 85% of organic matter from wastewater, with lower risks of secondary pollution and higher resource recovery rates compared to traditional methods. The innovation lies in the development of novel electrode materials which significantly improve reaction activity, and for the first time, a synergistic treatment mechanism based on the principle of electrochemical reduction is proposed, providing new insights into achieving advanced wastewater purification and laying a theoretical foundation for the practical application of electrochemical reduction technology.
Keyword:Electrochemical Reduction Technology Wastewater Treatment Heavy me tal Ion Removal
目 录
引言 1
1电化学还原技术原理与应用 1
1.1电化学还原基本原理 1
1.2废水处理中的电化学过程 2
1.3关键影响因素分析 2
2电极材料的选择与优化 3
2.1常用电极材料特性 3
2.2新型电极材料开发 3
2.3材料改性与性能提升 4
3工艺参数对处理效果的影响 4
3.1电流密度与反应速率 4
3.3温度条件的优化研究 5
4实际应用案例与展望 5
4.1典型废水处理实例 6
4.2经济效益与环境效益 6
4.3技术发展方向探讨 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
