摘 要
超临界二氧化碳(scCO₂)作为一种绿色溶剂，在聚合物合成领域展现出独特优势。本研究旨在探讨scCO₂在聚合物合成中的应用特性，通过实验与理论分析相结合的方法，系统研究了不同反应条件下scCO₂对聚合物结构与性能的影响。采用高压反应釜、在线监测系统及多种表征手段，考察了温度、压力、引发剂种类等因素对聚合反应的影响规律。结果表明，scCO₂能够有效调控聚合物分子量及其分布，显著提高反应速率和选择性，同时降低了传统有机溶剂的使用量。特别地，本研究首次发现scCO₂在特定条件下可诱导特殊拓扑结构聚合物的形成，为开发新型功能材料提供了新思路。此外，通过建立数学模型预测了scCO₂对聚合过程的影响机制，揭示了其作为介质时独特的传质传热特性。研究表明，利用scCO₂进行聚合物合成不仅环保高效，而且能实现对聚合物微观结构的精准控制，具有重要的工业应用前景。该研究为拓展scCO₂在高分子化学领域的应用奠定了理论基础，并为设计新型绿色聚合工艺提供了重要参考。
关键词：超临界二氧化碳 聚合物合成 分子量调控
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) has emerged as a green solvent with unique advantages in polymer synthesis. This study investigates the application characteristics of scCO₂ in polymer synthesis by integrating experimental and theoretical analyses to systematically examine the effects of scCO₂ on polymer structure and properties under various reaction conditions. Utilizing high-pressure reactors, online monitoring systems, and multiple characterization techniques, the influence of factors such as temperature, pressure, and initiator types on the polymerization reactions was evaluated. The results demonstrate that scCO₂ effectively modulates polymer molecular weight and its distribution, significantly enhances reaction rates and selectivity, and reduces the usage of traditional organic solvents. Notably, this study reports for the first time that scCO₂ can induce the formation of polymers with special topological structures under specific conditions, offering new insights for developing advanced functional materials. Furthermore, a mathematical model was established to predict the impact mechanisms of scCO₂ on the polymerization process, revealing its unique mass and heat transfer properties when used as a medium. The research indicates that employing scCO₂ for polymer synthesis is not only environmentally friendly and efficient but also enables precise control over polymer microstructures, presenting significant industrial application potential. This work lays a theoretical foundation for expanding the application of scCO₂ in polymer chemistry and provides important references for designing novel green polymerization processes.
Keyword:Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Polymer Synthesis Molecular Weight Regulation
目 录
引言 1
1超临界二氧化碳的特性分析 1
1.1物理化学性质概述 1
1.2相图与密度特性 2
1.3溶解能力研究 2
2聚合物合成中的应用基础 3
2.1反应介质选择依据 3
2.2催化剂相容性探讨 4
2.3工艺参数优化方案 5
3典型聚合反应体系 5
3.1自由基聚合过程 5
3.2开环聚合机制 6
3.3离子聚合特点 6
4应用前景与挑战 7
4.1环境友好型工艺 7
4.2工业化应用现状 7
4.3技术瓶颈与展望 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
