电力系统负荷特性对电能质量的影响分析 -电气工程及其自动化专业

摘要

随着现代电力系统规模的不断扩大和用电设备类型的日益多样化，电能质量问题愈发凸显，而电力系统负荷特性对电能质量有着不可忽视的影响。为此，本研究旨在深入分析电力系统负荷特性与电能质量之间的关系，以期为改善电能质量提供理论依据和技术支持。基于此目的，采用理论分析与仿真计算相结合的方法，首先构建了包含不同类型负荷的电力系统模型，通过改变负荷特性参数并利用电磁暂态仿真软件进行大量仿真实验，获取不同负荷特性下的电能质量指标变化情况。结果表明，非线性负荷占比增加会导致谐波含量显著上升，冲击性负荷接入使得电压波动和闪变加剧，三相不平衡负荷会加重负序电流及电压不平衡度。本研究创新性地将多种典型负荷特性综合考虑，并定量评估其对电能质量各指标的影响程度，主要贡献在于为合理规划负荷结构、制定有效的电能质量治理措施提供了科学依据，有助于保障电力系统的安全稳定运行和提高供电服务质量。

关键词：电能质量负荷特性谐波含量

Abstract

As the scale of modern power systems continues to expand and the types of electrical equipment become increasingly diversified, power quality issues have become more prominent, with the characteristics of power system loads playing a significant and non-negligible role in power quality. To address this, this study aims to thoroughly analyze the relationship between power system load characteristics and power quality, providing theoretical foundations and technical support for improving power quality. For this purpose, a combination of theoretical analysis and simulation calculations was employed. A power system model incorporating various types of loads was constructed, and extensive simulation experiments were conducted using electromagnetic transient simulation software by altering load characteristic parameters. The results revealed that an increase in the proportion of nonlinear loads leads to a significant rise in harmonic content, the connection of impulsive loads exacerbates voltage fluctuations and flicker, and three-phase unbalanced loads intensify negative sequence currents and voltage imbalance. Innovatively, this study comprehensively considers multiple typical load characteristics and quantitatively evaluates their impact on various power quality indicators. The primary contributions lie in providing scientific evidence for rational load structure planning and effective power quality management measures, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems and enhancing power supply service quality.

Keyword:Power Quality Load Characteristics Harmonic Content

1绪论 1

1.1电力系统负荷特性与电能质量的研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状综述 1

1.3研究方法与技术路线 2

2负荷特性对电压偏差的影响分析 2

2.1电压偏差的定义与衡量标准 2

2.2不同类型负荷对电压偏差的影响 3

2.3改善电压偏差的技术措施 3

3谐波对电能质量的影响机制 4

3.1谏波产生的机理分析 4

3.2非线性负荷对谐波的影响 4