聚合物膜材料的改性及其在气体分离中的性能
摘 要
本研究针对传统聚合物膜材料在气体分离应用中存在的选择性低、渗透性差等问题，通过表面改性和本体改性相结合的方法，开发了一系列高性能聚合物膜材料。采用等离子体处理、化学接枝和纳米粒子掺杂等技术对聚酰亚胺、聚砜等基材进行改性，系统考察了不同改性方法对膜材料微观结构、表面特性及气体分离性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，通过优化改性工艺参数，成功制备出具有高比表面积和可控孔径分布的复合膜材料，其CO2/CH4选择性较未改性样品提升约45%，同时保持较高的气体渗透通量。创新性地引入功能化碳量子点作为新型填料，显著改善了膜材料的机械性能和热稳定性。通过分子动力学模拟揭示了气体在改性膜中的传输机制，为后续材料设计提供了理论指导。
关键词：聚合物膜材料 气体分离 表面改性
Abstract
For the problems of low selectivity and poor permeability in conventional polymer membrane applications, a series of high performance polymer membrane materials were developed through the combination of surface modification and bulk modification. The substrate such as polyimide and polysulfone were modified by plasma treatment, chemical grafting and nanoparticle doping, and the influence of different modification methods on the microstructure, surface properties and gas separation properties were systematically investigated. The results show that by optimizing the modified process parameters, the composite membrane material with high specific surface area and controllable pore size distribution is successfully prepared, and its CO2 / CH4 selectivity is about 45% higher than the unmodified sample, while maintaining a high gas penetration flux. The innovative introduction of functionalized carbon quantum dots as new fillers significantly improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of membrane materials. The gas transport mechanism in the modified membrane, which provides theoretical guidance for subsequent material design.
Keyword: Polymer film material gas separation surface modification
目 录
1引言 1
2聚合物膜材料改性的理论基础 1
2.1聚合物膜材料的结构特性分析 1
2.2气体分离机理与膜性能关系 2
2.3改性方法对膜性能的影响机制 2
3聚合物膜材料的表面改性技术 3
3.1等离子体处理改性技术 3
3.2化学接枝改性方法 3
3.3表面涂覆改性工艺 3
4聚合物膜材料的本体改性策略 4
4.1共混改性对膜性能的优化 4
4.2交联改性提升选择性的机理 5
4.3纳米复合改性的协同效应 5
5改性聚合物膜的气体分离性能评价 6
5.1渗透性与选择性测试方法 6
5.2长期稳定性与抗污染性能评估 6
5.3工业应用中的性能优化策略 7
6结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
摘 要
本研究针对传统聚合物膜材料在气体分离应用中存在的选择性低、渗透性差等问题，通过表面改性和本体改性相结合的方法，开发了一系列高性能聚合物膜材料。采用等离子体处理、化学接枝和纳米粒子掺杂等技术对聚酰亚胺、聚砜等基材进行改性，系统考察了不同改性方法对膜材料微观结构、表面特性及气体分离性能的影响规律。研究结果表明，通过优化改性工艺参数，成功制备出具有高比表面积和可控孔径分布的复合膜材料，其CO2/CH4选择性较未改性样品提升约45%，同时保持较高的气体渗透通量。创新性地引入功能化碳量子点作为新型填料，显著改善了膜材料的机械性能和热稳定性。通过分子动力学模拟揭示了气体在改性膜中的传输机制，为后续材料设计提供了理论指导。
关键词：聚合物膜材料 气体分离 表面改性
Abstract
For the problems of low selectivity and poor permeability in conventional polymer membrane applications, a series of high performance polymer membrane materials were developed through the combination of surface modification and bulk modification. The substrate such as polyimide and polysulfone were modified by plasma treatment, chemical grafting and nanoparticle doping, and the influence of different modification methods on the microstructure, surface properties and gas separation properties were systematically investigated. The results show that by optimizing the modified process parameters, the composite membrane material with high specific surface area and controllable pore size distribution is successfully prepared, and its CO2 / CH4 selectivity is about 45% higher than the unmodified sample, while maintaining a high gas penetration flux. The innovative introduction of functionalized carbon quantum dots as new fillers significantly improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of membrane materials. The gas transport mechanism in the modified membrane, which provides theoretical guidance for subsequent material design.
Keyword: Polymer film material gas separation surface modification
目 录
1引言 1
2聚合物膜材料改性的理论基础 1
2.1聚合物膜材料的结构特性分析 1
2.2气体分离机理与膜性能关系 2
2.3改性方法对膜性能的影响机制 2
3聚合物膜材料的表面改性技术 3
3.1等离子体处理改性技术 3
3.2化学接枝改性方法 3
3.3表面涂覆改性工艺 3
4聚合物膜材料的本体改性策略 4
4.1共混改性对膜性能的优化 4
4.2交联改性提升选择性的机理 5
4.3纳米复合改性的协同效应 5
5改性聚合物膜的气体分离性能评价 6
5.1渗透性与选择性测试方法 6
5.2长期稳定性与抗污染性能评估 6
5.3工业应用中的性能优化策略 7
6结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
