小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维培养的实践
摘 要
本研究聚焦小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的培养问题，旨在探索有效的教学策略以提升学生的思维品质。研究基于建构主义学习理论，采用行动研究法，选取某小学四年级两个平行班级进行为期一学期的教学实验。通过设计批判性阅读任务、构建问题导向的教学模式、实施多元评价体系等创新举措，系统考察了批判性思维培养的实践路径。研究发现，基于文本深度解读的质疑式提问能有效激发学生的批判意识；创设开放性讨论情境有助于培养学生的逻辑推理能力；而将思维过程可视化则显著提升了学生的元认知水平。实验组学生在批判性思维测试中的表现明显优于对照组，尤其在分析、评估和推理三个维度上差异显著。研究表明，将批判性思维培养有机融入语文阅读教学具有可行性，且对提升学生的综合素养具有积极意义。
关键词：小学语文阅读教学；批判性思维；建构主义
The practice of critical thinking cultivation in primary school Chinese reading teaching
Abstract
This study focuses on the cultivation of critical thinking in Chinese reading teaching in primary schools, and aims to explore effective teaching strategies to improve students' thinking quality. Based on the constructivism learning theory, the action research method selected two parallel classes of a primary school for a one-semester teaching experiment. By designing critical reading tasks, constructing problem-oriented teaching mode, and implementing multiple evaluation system, the practical path of critical thinking cultivation is systematically investigated. We found that questioning based on deep interpretation of text can effectively stimulate students 'critical consciousness; creating open discussion situations helps to develop students' logical reasoning ability, and visualizing thinking process significantly improves students' me tacognitive level. The students in the experimental group performed significantly better than the students in the control group, especially in the three dimensions of analysis, evaluation and reasoning. The research shows that it is feasible to integrate critical thinking cultivation into Chinese reading teaching, and it has positive significance to improve students' comprehensive literacy.
Keywords: Chinese reading teaching in primary schools; critical thinking; constructivism
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）研究现状 1
（三）研究方法与思路 2
二、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的内涵与特征 3
（一）批判性思维的理论基础 3
（二）小学阶段批判性思维的发展特点 4
（三）语文阅读教学中的批判性思维表现 5
三、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的培养路径 7
（一）文本解读中的质疑能力培养 7
（二）阅读对话中的逻辑思维训练 8
（三）多元视角下的价值判断引导 9
四、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的实践策略 10
（一）问题导向的阅读教学设计 10
（二）互动式课堂的组织实施 11
（三）评价体系的构建与应用 11
五、结论与展望 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
摘 要
本研究聚焦小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的培养问题，旨在探索有效的教学策略以提升学生的思维品质。研究基于建构主义学习理论，采用行动研究法，选取某小学四年级两个平行班级进行为期一学期的教学实验。通过设计批判性阅读任务、构建问题导向的教学模式、实施多元评价体系等创新举措，系统考察了批判性思维培养的实践路径。研究发现，基于文本深度解读的质疑式提问能有效激发学生的批判意识；创设开放性讨论情境有助于培养学生的逻辑推理能力；而将思维过程可视化则显著提升了学生的元认知水平。实验组学生在批判性思维测试中的表现明显优于对照组，尤其在分析、评估和推理三个维度上差异显著。研究表明，将批判性思维培养有机融入语文阅读教学具有可行性，且对提升学生的综合素养具有积极意义。
关键词：小学语文阅读教学；批判性思维；建构主义
The practice of critical thinking cultivation in primary school Chinese reading teaching
Abstract
This study focuses on the cultivation of critical thinking in Chinese reading teaching in primary schools, and aims to explore effective teaching strategies to improve students' thinking quality. Based on the constructivism learning theory, the action research method selected two parallel classes of a primary school for a one-semester teaching experiment. By designing critical reading tasks, constructing problem-oriented teaching mode, and implementing multiple evaluation system, the practical path of critical thinking cultivation is systematically investigated. We found that questioning based on deep interpretation of text can effectively stimulate students 'critical consciousness; creating open discussion situations helps to develop students' logical reasoning ability, and visualizing thinking process significantly improves students' me tacognitive level. The students in the experimental group performed significantly better than the students in the control group, especially in the three dimensions of analysis, evaluation and reasoning. The research shows that it is feasible to integrate critical thinking cultivation into Chinese reading teaching, and it has positive significance to improve students' comprehensive literacy.
Keywords: Chinese reading teaching in primary schools; critical thinking; constructivism
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景与意义 1
（二）研究现状 1
（三）研究方法与思路 2
二、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的内涵与特征 3
（一）批判性思维的理论基础 3
（二）小学阶段批判性思维的发展特点 4
（三）语文阅读教学中的批判性思维表现 5
三、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的培养路径 7
（一）文本解读中的质疑能力培养 7
（二）阅读对话中的逻辑思维训练 8
（三）多元视角下的价值判断引导 9
四、小学语文阅读教学中批判性思维的实践策略 10
（一）问题导向的阅读教学设计 10
（二）互动式课堂的组织实施 11
（三）评价体系的构建与应用 11
五、结论与展望 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
