小学科学探究活动中学生创新能力培养的实践
摘 要
本研究聚焦于小学科学探究活动中学生创新能力的培养，旨在探索有效的教学策略与实践路径。随着基础教育课程改革的深入推进，培养学生的创新能力已成为科学教育的重要目标。然而，当前小学科学教学中仍存在重知识传授轻能力培养、探究活动形式化等问题。基于此，本研究采用行动研究法，选取某小学四年级两个平行班为研究对象，通过为期一学期的教学实践，构建了"问题导向-自主探究-多元评价"的创新教学模式。研究发现，该模式能有效激发学生的创新思维：首先，通过创设真实情境和开放性问题，培养了学生的问题意识和发散思维能力；其次，设计多层次的探究任务链，促进了学生批判性思维和创新实践能力的发展；最后，建立多元化评价体系，强化了学生的创新自信与持续动力。
关键词：小学科学教育；创新能力培养；探究式教学
The practice of cultivating students' innovative ability in primary school scientific inquiry activities
Abstract
This research focuses on the cultivation of students' innovative ability in primary schools, and aims to explore effective teaching strategies and practice paths. With the deepening of the curriculum reform of basic education, cultivating students' innovation ability has become an important goal of science education. However, there are still some problems in primary school science teaching, such as emphasizing knowledge teaching rather than ability cultivation and formalization of inquiry activities. Based on this, this study adopts the action research method, and selects two parallel classes in the fourth grade of a primary school as the research ob jects. Through a semester of teaching practice, the innovative teaching mode of "problem orientation-self-inquiry-multiple evaluation" is constructed. The study found that this model can effectively stimulate students 'innovative thinking: firstly, by creating real situations and open questions, cultivating students' problem awareness and divergent thinking ability; secondly, a multi-level inquiry task chain is designed to promote the development of students 'critical thinking and innovative practice ability; finally, a diversified evaluation system is established to strengthen students' innovation confidence and continuous motivation.
Keywords: Primary school science education; innovation ability training; inquiry teaching
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与创新点 2
二、小学科学探究活动的创新特征分析 3
（一）科学探究活动的创新性要素构成 3
（二）小学生创新思维发展的阶段性特征 4
（三）探究活动对创新能力培养的作用机制 5
三、小学科学探究活动中创新能力培养的实践路径 6
（一）基于问题导向的探究式教学设计 6
（二）跨学科整合的创新实践活动设计 7
（三）评价体系对创新能力培养的促进作用 8
四、小学科学探究活动中创新能力培养的实施策略 9
（一）教师角色转变与专业能力提升策略 9
（二）学校创新环境营造与资源支持策略 10
（三）家校协同促进创新能力发展策略 10
五、结论与展望 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
摘 要
本研究聚焦于小学科学探究活动中学生创新能力的培养，旨在探索有效的教学策略与实践路径。随着基础教育课程改革的深入推进，培养学生的创新能力已成为科学教育的重要目标。然而，当前小学科学教学中仍存在重知识传授轻能力培养、探究活动形式化等问题。基于此，本研究采用行动研究法，选取某小学四年级两个平行班为研究对象，通过为期一学期的教学实践，构建了"问题导向-自主探究-多元评价"的创新教学模式。研究发现，该模式能有效激发学生的创新思维：首先，通过创设真实情境和开放性问题，培养了学生的问题意识和发散思维能力；其次，设计多层次的探究任务链，促进了学生批判性思维和创新实践能力的发展；最后，建立多元化评价体系，强化了学生的创新自信与持续动力。
关键词：小学科学教育；创新能力培养；探究式教学
The practice of cultivating students' innovative ability in primary school scientific inquiry activities
Abstract
This research focuses on the cultivation of students' innovative ability in primary schools, and aims to explore effective teaching strategies and practice paths. With the deepening of the curriculum reform of basic education, cultivating students' innovation ability has become an important goal of science education. However, there are still some problems in primary school science teaching, such as emphasizing knowledge teaching rather than ability cultivation and formalization of inquiry activities. Based on this, this study adopts the action research method, and selects two parallel classes in the fourth grade of a primary school as the research ob jects. Through a semester of teaching practice, the innovative teaching mode of "problem orientation-self-inquiry-multiple evaluation" is constructed. The study found that this model can effectively stimulate students 'innovative thinking: firstly, by creating real situations and open questions, cultivating students' problem awareness and divergent thinking ability; secondly, a multi-level inquiry task chain is designed to promote the development of students 'critical thinking and innovative practice ability; finally, a diversified evaluation system is established to strengthen students' innovation confidence and continuous motivation.
Keywords: Primary school science education; innovation ability training; inquiry teaching
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与创新点 2
二、小学科学探究活动的创新特征分析 3
（一）科学探究活动的创新性要素构成 3
（二）小学生创新思维发展的阶段性特征 4
（三）探究活动对创新能力培养的作用机制 5
三、小学科学探究活动中创新能力培养的实践路径 6
（一）基于问题导向的探究式教学设计 6
（二）跨学科整合的创新实践活动设计 7
（三）评价体系对创新能力培养的促进作用 8
四、小学科学探究活动中创新能力培养的实施策略 9
（一）教师角色转变与专业能力提升策略 9
（二）学校创新环境营造与资源支持策略 10
（三）家校协同促进创新能力发展策略 10
五、结论与展望 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
