小学阶段学生数学问题解决能力培养的研究 -小学教育专业

摘要

本研究聚焦于小学阶段学生数学问题解决能力的培养，旨在探索有效的教学策略与方法。随着新课程改革的深入推进，培养学生的问题解决能力已成为数学教育的核心目标之一。研究采用混合研究方法，通过问卷调查、课堂观察和实验干预相结合的方式，对某市三所小学的360名学生进行了为期一学期的跟踪研究。研究发现，基于情境创设的探究式教学能显著提升学生的问题解决能力，特别是在数学建模和推理能力方面效果尤为突出。研究创新性地提出了"四维一体"的培养模式，即通过知识建构、思维训练、策略指导和情感激励四个维度协同作用，促进学生问题解决能力的全面发展。实验结果表明，实验组学生在问题表征、策略选择和元认知监控等方面的表现均优于对照组，且差异具有统计学意义。

关键词：小学数学；问题解决能力；探究式教学

Research on the cultivation of mathematical problem-solving ability of primary school students

Xing Ming

(×× School, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002)

Abstract：This study focuses on the cultivation of mathematical problem-solving ability of primary school students, aiming at exploring effective teaching strategies and methods. With the deepening of the new curriculum reform, cultivating students' problem-solving ability has become one of the core goals of mathematics education. A mixed research method was used to track 360 students from three primary schools in a city for one semester through a combination of questionnaire survey, classroom observation and experimental intervention. It is found that scenario-based inquiry teaching can significantly improve students' problem-solving ability, especially in mathematical modeling and reasoning ability. The research innovatively put forward a "four-dimensional integrated" training model, that is, through the synergistic effect of knowledge construction, thinking training, strategy guidance and emotional stimulation, to promote the comprehensive development of students' problem-solving ability. The results showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in problem representation, strategy selection and me tacognitive monitoring, and the difference was statistically significant.

Key words：primary school mathematics; Problem solving ability; Inquiry teaching

摘要 1

一、小学阶段数学问题解决能力的理论基础 1

（一）数学问题解决能力的概念界定 1

（二）小学生认知发展特点分析 1

（三）数学问题解决能力的构成要素 2

二、小学阶段数学问题解决能力现状调查 2

（一）调查设计与实施过程 2

（二）学生数学问题解决能力现状分析 3

（三）教师教学策略使用情况调查 3

三、影响小学生数学问题解决能力的因素分析 3

（一）学生个体因素的影响机制 3