摘 要
本研究聚焦当前小学生劳动教育实施过程中存在的突出问题，通过问卷调查、深度访谈和实地观察相结合的方法，对全国12个省市36所小学的劳动教育现状展开系统调研。研究发现，当前小学生劳动教育主要存在课程体系不完善、实践平台匮乏、评价机制单一、家校协同不足等问题，严重制约了劳动教育的育人效果。针对这些问题，本研究创新性地提出了"三维一体"的劳动教育模式，即构建以课程建设为基础、实践活动为载体、评价体系为保障的立体化育人体系。研究建议从优化课程设置、拓展实践渠道、完善评价机制、加强家校合作等方面着手，推动劳动教育与学科教学深度融合，建立多元化的劳动实践基地，开发过程性与终结性相结合的评价工具，形成家校社协同育人的长效机制。本研究的理论贡献在于丰富了劳动教育的理论内涵，实践价值体现在为学校开展劳动教育提供了可操作的实施路径和策略指导，对提升小学生劳动素养具有重要的现实意义。
关键词：劳动教育；小学生；三维一体模式
The existing problems and solutions of elementary school students' labor education
Xing Ming
(×× School, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002)
Abstract：Focusing on the outstanding problems existing in the implementation of primary school labor education, this study conducted a systematic investigation on the current situation of labor education in 36 primary schools in 12 provinces and cities through the combination of questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and field observation. It is found that the main problems of primary school students' labor education at present are imperfect curriculum system, lack of practice platform, single evaluation mechanism, and insufficient coordination between home and school, which seriously restrict the effect of labor education. To solve these problems, this study innovatively proposed a "three-dimensional integrated" labor education model, that is, to build a three-dimensional education system based on curriculum construction, practical activities as the carrier, and evaluation system as the guarantee. The research suggests that the in-depth integration of labor education and subject teaching should be promoted from the aspects of optimizing curriculum Settings, expanding practice channels, improving evaluation mechanisms, and strengthening family-school cooperation, so as to establish diversified labor practice bases, develop evaluation tools that combine process and finality, and form a long-term mechanism of family-school and community-coordinated education. The theoretical contribution of this study is to enrich the theoretical connotation of labor education, and the practical value is reflected in providing operational implementation paths and strategic guidance for schools to carry out labor education, which has important practical significance for improving the labor literacy of primary school students.
Key words：labor education; Primary school students; Three-dimensional integrated model
目 录
摘 要 1
一、小学生劳动教育的现状分析 1
（一）劳动教育政策实施现状 1
（二）学校劳动教育开展情况 1
（三）家庭劳动教育参与程度 2
二、小学生劳动教育存在的主要问题 2
（一）课程设置与实施中的问题 2
（二）教师专业能力不足的问题 2
（三）家校协同机制缺失的问题 3
（四）评价体系不完善的问题 3
三、小学生劳动教育问题的成因分析 3
（一）传统教育观念的影响 3
（二）教育资源分配不均的制约 3
（三）社会价值取向的偏差 4
（四）政策落实不到位的困境 4
四、完善小学生劳动教育的对策建议 4
（一）优化劳动教育课程体系 4
（二）加强师资队伍建设 5
（三）构建家校社协同机制 5
（四）完善评价与激励机制 5
五、结论 6
参考文献 7
