人工林树种多样性与生态服务功能关系分析 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的生态系统组成部分，在提供木材资源、调节气候和维持生物多样性等方面发挥着关键作用。然而，随着人工林单一树种种植模式的广泛应用，其生态服务功能的局限性逐渐显现。本研究旨在探讨人工林树种多样性与生态服务功能之间的关系，以期为优化人工林结构、提升生态效益提供科学依据。研究选取了中国南方典型人工林区域，通过实地调查与实验分析相结合的方法，评估了不同树种组合下的土壤肥力、水土保持、碳汇能力及生物多样性等生态服务功能指标。结果表明，随着树种多样性的增加，土壤有机质含量显著提高，水土流失率降低，碳储量显著增加，且生物多样性指数呈现上升趋势。特别是在混交林模式下，各生态服务功能指标均优于单一树种林分。研究还发现，合理的树种搭配能够有效促进养分循环和能量流动，进一步增强生态系统的稳定性和可持续性。

关键词：人工林；树种多样性；生态服务功能；混交林模式；土壤肥力

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL SERVICE FUNCTION IN PLANTATION

ABSTRACT

As an important ecosystem component, plantation forests play a key role in providing timber resources, regulating climate and maintaining biodiversity. However, with the extensive application of monoculture tree planting mode, the limitation of its ecological service function has gradually emerged. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between tree species diversity and ecological service function in plantation, in order to provide scientific basis for optimizing the structure of plantation and improving ecological benefits. The study selected a typical plantation area in southern China, and evaluated the ecological service function indicators such as soil fertility, soil and water conservation, carbon sink capacity and biodiversity under different tree species combinations through field investigation and experimental analysis. The results showed that with the increase of tree species diversity, soil organic matter content increased significantly, soil and water loss rate decreased significantly, carbon storage increased significantly, and biodiversity index showed an upward trend. Especially in the mixed forest model, the ecological service function index is better than that of the single tree stand. The study also found that a reasonable mix of tree species can effectively promote nutrient cycling and energy flow, and further enhance the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.

KEY WORDS：Plantation Forest; Tree Species Diversity; Ecological Service Function; Mixed Forest Model; Soil Fertility

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 人工林树种多样性与生态服务功能关系研究现状 2

第2章人工林树种多样性对生态服务功能的影响机制 3

2.1 树种多样性对土壤养分循环的影响 3

2.2 树种多样性对水文调节功能的贡献 3

2.3 树种多样性对生物多样性维持的作用 4

第3章人工林树种多样性与生态服务功能的区域差异分析 5

3.1 不同气候区人工林树种多样性的特征 5