人工林土壤养分循环与可持续管理策略 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的生态系统，在全球碳汇和木材供应中发挥着关键作用。然而，长期的人工林经营往往导致土壤养分失衡，进而影响林木生长和生态系统的可持续性。本研究以中国南方典型人工林为研究对象，通过野外采样、实验室分析和模型模拟相结合的方法，系统探讨了人工林土壤养分循环的动态变化及其驱动机制。研究发现，氮、磷、钾等主要养分的循环速率与林分类型、年龄及管理措施密切相关。特别是在集约化经营下，土壤有机质含量显著下降，养分流失加剧。基于此，本研究提出了“养分平衡-生态调控-经济效益”三位一体的可持续管理策略，强调通过合理施肥、间伐和混交种植等措施优化养分循环过程。创新性地引入了多目标优化模型，量化了不同管理情景下的生态和经济效益，为人工林的科学管理提供了理论依据和技术支持。研究表明，实施综合管理策略可显著提高土壤养分利用效率，减少环境负担，同时保障木材产量和经济收益。

关键词：人工林；土壤养分循环；可持续管理策略；养分平衡；生态调控

SOIL NUTRIENT CYCLING AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN PLANTATION

ABSTRACT

Plantations, as important ecosystems, play a key role in the global carbon sink and timber supply. However, long-term plantation management often leads to soil nutrient imbalance, which in turn affects tree growth and ecosystem sustainability. In this study, the dynamic changes of soil nutrient cycling and its driving mechanism in a typical plantation in southern China were systematically investigated through field sampling, laboratory analysis and model simulation. It was found that the cycling rate of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was closely related to stand type, age and management measures. Especially under intensive management, soil organic matter content decreased significantly and nutrient loss intensified. Based on this, this study proposed a three-pronged sustainable management strategy of "nutrient balance, ecological regulation and economic benefit", emphasizing the optimization of nutrient cycling through reasonable fertilization, thinning and mixed planting. The multi-ob jective optimization model was innovatively introduced to quantify the ecological and economic benefits under different management scenarios, which provided theoretical basis and technical support for scientific management of plantation forest. Studies have shown that the implementation of integrated management strategies can significantly improve soil nutrient use efficiency, reduce environmental burden, and safeguard timber yields and economic benefits.

KEY WORDS：Plantation Forest; Soil Nutrient Cycling; Sustainable Management Strategy; Nutrient Balance; Ecological Regulation

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 人工林土壤养分循环与可持续管理的研究现状 2

第2章人工林土壤养分循环的动态机制 4

2.1 人工林土壤养分循环的基本过程分析 4

2.2 不同树种对土壤养分循环的影响 4

2.3 气候变化对人工林土壤养分循环的干扰机制 5

第3章人工林土壤养分可持续管理的技术策略 6

3.1 基于生态系统管理的施肥技术优化 6