人工林树种混交模式对病虫害防控的效果分析 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的生态和经济资源，在全球气候变化和森林资源需求增加的背景下，其可持续管理显得尤为重要。然而，单一树种人工林普遍存在病虫害频发的问题，严重影响了林木的生长和生态系统的稳定性。本研究旨在探讨不同混交模式对人工林病虫害防控的效果，以期为优化人工林结构提供科学依据。研究选取了我国南方典型人工林区域，通过对比分析纯林与三种常见混交模式（针阔混交、阔叶混交、针叶混交）的病虫害发生率、多样性指数及生态系统功能指标，采用野外调查与室内实验相结合的方法，系统评估了不同混交模式下的病虫害防控效果。结果表明，混交模式显著降低了病虫害的发生频率和严重程度，其中针阔混交模式表现最佳，病虫害发生率较纯林降低了45%以上，且显著提高了生物多样性和生态系统稳定性。此外，混交林中的天敌昆虫数量明显增加，进一步增强了自然控制能力。

关键词：人工林；混交模式；病虫害防控；针阔混交；生态系统稳定性

Analysis of effect of mixed tree species in plantation on disease and pest control

ABSTRACT

As an important ecological and economic resource, the sustainable management of planted forests is particularly important in the context of global climate change and increasing demand for forest resources. However, diseases and pests frequently occur in single tree plantation, which seriously affects the growth of forest and the stability of ecosystem. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different mixed modes on the control of plant diseases and pests in order to provide scientific basis for optimizing the structure of plantation. This study selected a typical plantation area in southern China, and compared the incidence, diversity index and ecosystem function index of pests and diseases between pure forest and three common mixed modes (needle and broad mixed, broadleaf mixed and coniferous mixed). Field investigation and laboratory experiment were used to systematically evaluate the pest and disease control effect under different mixed modes. The results showed that the mixed mode significantly reduced the frequency and severity of pests and diseases, among which the needle and broad mixed mode had the best performance, the incidence of pests and diseases was reduced by more than 45% compared with pure forest, and the biodiversity and ecosystem stability were significantly improved. In addition, the number of natural enemy insects in the mixed forest increased significantly, which further enhanced the natural control ability.

KEY WORDS：Plantation Forest; Mixed Mode; Disease And Pest Control; Mixed Needle Width; Ecosystem Stability

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 人工林树种混交模式对病虫害防控的研究现状 2

第2章人工林树种混交模式的理论基础与分类 4

2.1 人工林树种混交的基本概念与理论依据 4

2.2 不同混交模式的分类及其生态特性分析 4

2.3 混交模式对病虫害传播机制的影响分析 5

第3章人工林树种混交模式对病虫害防控的研究 6

3.1 实验设计与数据采集方法 6