森林土壤微生物群落结构与功能研究 -林学专业

摘要

森林土壤微生物群落是生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分，其结构与功能对土壤养分循环和生态系统稳定性具有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨不同森林类型下土壤微生物群落的多样性及其与环境因子的关系。通过采集中国东北、西南和华南三个典型森林区域的土壤样本，采用高通量测序技术分析了细菌和真菌的群落组成。结果显示，不同森林类型间微生物群落结构存在显著差异，且受气候、植被类型和土壤理化性质的影响。具体而言，东北针叶林土壤中放线菌门和变形菌门占优势，而西南亚热带雨林中则以子囊菌门和担子菌门为主。此外，研究发现微生物群落的多样性与土壤有机质含量呈正相关，而与土壤pH值呈负相关。

关键词：森林土壤微生物群落；微生物多样性；环境因子；森林类型

STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FOREST SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITY

ABSTRACT

Forest soil microbial community is an indispensable part of the ecosystem, and its structure and function have an important impact on soil nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of soil microbial communities in different forest types and their relationship with environmental factors. Soil samples from three typical forest regions in northeast, southwest and South China were collected to analyze the composition of bacterial and fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial community structure among different forest types, which were affected by climate, vegetation type and soil physicochemical properties. Specifically, actinomycetes and Proteobacteria predominate in the soils of coniferous forests in Northeast China, while ascomycetes and basidiomycetes dominate in the soils of subtropical forests in Southwest China. In addition, it was found that microbial community diversity was positively correlated with soil organic matter content, but negatively correlated with soil pH value.

KEY WORDS：Forest Soil Microbial Community; Microbial Diversity; Environmental Factors; Forest Type

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 研究现状分析 2

1.3 研究方法概述 2

第2章森林土壤微生物群落结构特征 4

2.1 微生物多样性分析 4

2.2 群落组成与分布规律 4

2.3 环境因子对群落结构的影响 5

第3章森林土壤微生物功能解析 6