摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快，高层建筑的数量和规模不断增加，消防安全问题日益突出。高层建筑的复杂结构和大量人员聚集的特点，使得火灾发生时的疏散路径优化成为一项紧迫且重要的研究课题。本研究旨在通过系统分析现有疏散路径设计中的不足，提出一种基于多目标优化的疏散路径模型，以提高疏散效率和安全性。研究采用了混合整数线性规划方法，结合实际高层建筑的结构数据和火灾模拟实验结果，构建了疏散路径优化模型。该模型考虑了人员密度、疏散通道宽度、楼梯间容量等多个因素，并通过遗传算法进行求解，以获得最优的疏散路径方案。研究结果表明，相较于传统的疏散路径设计，优化后的路径能够显著减少疏散时间，提高人员的安全性。具体而言，在模拟实验中，优化后的疏散路径使平均疏散时间减少了约20%，且在高密度人群情况下效果更为显著。此外，本研究还提出了基于实时监控系统的动态调整策略，能够在火灾发生时根据实际情况快速调整疏散路径，进一步增强应急响应能力。综上所述，本研究不仅为高层建筑消防安全提供了科学依据和技术支持，也为相关领域的研究和实践提供了新的思路和方法。
关键词：高层建筑；疏散路径优化；多目标优化；遗传算法
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the number and scale of high-rise buildings are increasing, and the problem of fire safety is becoming increasingly prominent. The complex structure of high-rise buildings and the characteristics of large number of people gathering make the evacuation path optimization in case of fire become an urgent and important research topic. This study aims to propose an evacuation path model based on multi-ob jective optimization to improve evacuation efficiency and safety by systematically analyzing the shortcomings of existing evacuation path designs. The mixed integer linear programming method is used to construct an evacuation path optimization model based on the structural data of real high-rise buildings and the results of fire simulation experiments. The model considers many factors, such as personnel density, evacuation passage width and stairwell capacity, and is solved by genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal evacuation path scheme. The results show that compared with the traditional evacuation route design, the optimized route can significantly reduce the evacuation time and improve the safety of personnel. Specifically, in the simulation experiment, the optimized evacuation path reduced the average evacuation time by about 20%, and the effect was more significant in the case of high-density crowds. In addition, this study also proposed a dynamic adjustment strategy based on real-time monitoring system, which can quickly adjust the evacuation path according to the actual situation when the fire breaks out, and further enhance the emergency response ability. To sum up, this study not only provides scientific basis and technical support for high-rise building fire safety, but also provides new ideas and methods for research and practice in related fields.
Key Words：High-rise building; Evacuation path optimization; Multi-ob jective optimization; Genetic algorithm
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
第2章 高层建筑消防安全现状分析 2
2.1 高层建筑火灾风险评估 2
2.2 现有疏散路径设计缺陷 2
2.3 消防安全管理现状 3
2.4 疏散路径优化需求分析 3
第3章 高层建筑疏散路径优化理论基础 5
3.1 疏散动力学模型概述 5
3.2 路径优化算法选择 5
3.3 疏散模拟技术应用 6
3.4 安全疏散标准解读 7
第4章 高层建筑疏散路径优化方法研究 8
4.1 基于GIS的疏散路径规划 8
4.1.1 GIS数据采集与处理 8
4.1.2 路径网络构建方法 9
4.1.3 最短路径算法应用 9
4.1.4 动态路径调整策略 10
4.2 基于人工智能的疏散路径优化 10
4.2.1 AI算法选择与训练 11
4.2.2 智能预测模型构建 11
4.2.3 实时路径推荐系统设计 12
4.2.4 AI与传统方法结合策略 12
第5章 高层建筑疏散路径优化实践与评估 13
5.1 案例研究：某高层建筑疏散路径优化实施 13
5.2 优化效果定量评估方法 13
5.3 用户反馈与改进建议收集 14
5.4 未来研究方向展望 14
结 论 16
参考文献 17
致 谢 18
