摘 要
建筑施工坍塌事故是工程建设领域中频发且危害严重的安全问题，其不仅对人员生命安全构成重大威胁，还可能导致巨大的经济损失和社会影响。为有效降低坍塌事故发生率，本研究以建筑施工过程中的风险控制为核心，系统分析了坍塌事故的主要成因及其预防措施。研究基于国内外相关文献和实际工程案例，采用定性与定量相结合的方法，构建了涵盖设计、施工及管理环节的综合防控体系。通过对典型坍塌事故的数据统计与原因剖析，发现安全管理不到位、施工技术不当以及材料质量缺陷是导致事故的主要因素。在此基础上，研究提出了基于BIM技术的动态监测预警机制，并结合专家评估模型优化了施工方案的风险评估流程。结果表明，该防控体系能够显著提升施工现场的安全管理水平，减少潜在隐患的发生概率。此外，研究创新性地引入了人工智能算法对历史数据进行深度挖掘，从而实现了对高风险区域的精准预测。最终得出结论：通过强化全过程监管、推广智能化技术和完善责任制度，可以有效预防建筑施工坍塌事故的发生，为行业提供科学的决策支持和技术保障。这一研究成果对推动建筑施工领域的安全管理和技术创新具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。关键词：建筑施工坍塌事故；风险控制；BIM技术；动态监测预警；人工智能算法
Abstract
Collapse accidents in building construction are frequent and hazardous safety issues in the engineering construction field, posing significant threats to human life and potentially causing enormous economic losses and social impacts. To effectively reduce the incidence of such accidents, this study focuses on risk control during the construction process and systematically analyzes the primary causes of collapse accidents along with their preventive measures. Based on domestic and international literature as well as real-world engineering cases, a combined qualitative and quantitative approach is employed to construct an integrated prevention system that encompasses design, construction, and management phases. Through statistical analysis of data from typical collapse accidents and in-depth examination of their causes, it is found that inadequate safety management, improper construction techniques, and material quality defects are the main factors contributing to these incidents. On this basis, the study proposes a dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism based on BIM technology and optimizes the risk assessment process of construction schemes by integrating an expert evaluation model. The results indicate that this prevention system can significantly enhance safety management at construction sites and reduce the probability of potential hazards. Additionally, the study innovatively incorporates artificial intelligence algorithms for deep mining of historical data, enabling precise prediction of high-risk areas. It concludes that reinforcing full-process supervision, promoting intelligent technologies, and improving accountability systems can effectively prevent collapse accidents in building construction, providing scientific decision-making support and technical assurance for the industry. This research holds important theoretical and practical significance for advancing safety management and technological innovation in the construction sector..
Key Words：Building Construction Collapse Accidents；Risk Control；Bim Technology；Dynamic Monitoring And Early Warning；Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 建筑施工坍塌事故的研究背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外建筑施工坍塌事故预防研究现状 2
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 建筑施工坍塌事故成因分析 4
2.1 施工技术因素对坍塌事故的影响 4
2.2 管理因素在坍塌事故中的作用 4
2.3 材料与设备问题引发的坍塌风险 5
2.4 外部环境对施工安全的挑战 6
第3章 建筑施工坍塌事故预防的技术措施 8
3.1 支撑系统设计优化 8
3.1.1 结构稳定性评估 8
3.1.2 荷载计算与校核 8
3.1.3 支撑材料选择标准 9
3.1.4 设计规范遵循原则 9
3.2 土方工程安全控制 9
3.2.1 边坡稳定性分析 10
3.2.2 排水系统设计改进 10
3.2.3 土体加固技术应用 11
3.2.4 地质条件适应性调整 11
3.3 模板工程安全保障 11
3.3.1 模板体系选型依据 12
3.3.2 安装与拆除流程规范 12
3.3.3 监测与预警机制建立 12
3.3.4 应急预案制定要点 13
第4章 建筑施工坍塌事故预防的管理措施 14
4.1 安全管理体系构建 14
4.1.1 安全责任制度完善 14
4.1.2 风险评估机制实施 14
4.1.3 安全教育与培训计划 15
4.1.4 监督检查工作强化 15
4.2 施工现场安全管理优化 15
4.2.1 作业区域隔离措施 16
4.2.2 特种设备使用规范 16
4.2.3 劳动保护用品配备要求 16
4.2.4 人员行为监控策略 17
4.3 应急响应与事故处理机制 17
4.3.1 应急预案编制与演练 18
4.3.2 事故信息报告流程 18
4.3.3 救援资源调配方案 18
4.3.4 事后调查与改进措施 19
结 论 19
参考文献 21
致 谢 22
