摘 要
在现代企业财务管理中，营运资金管理是确保企业日常运营顺畅进行的关键环节。随着市场环境的不断变化和企业对资金需求的增加，短期融资工具的选择与应用成为企业营运资金管理的重要组成部分。首先，本文在绪论部分介绍了研究的背景、意义和目的，并对国内外相关研究现状进行了综述，为后续研究提供了理论基础和研究框架。在理论基础部分，本文详细阐述了营运资金管理的概念、短期融资工具的分类及其对企业流动性的影响，为理解短期融资工具在营运资金管理中的作用提供了基础。在短期融资工具的选择机制部分，本文分析了商业信用融资、银行信贷工具、资本市场融资和流动性管理工具等不同短期融资方式的特点，并探讨了影响企业选择短期融资工具的内外部因素，包括企业规模、财务状况、市场环境、法律法规等。在短期融资工具的应用策略部分，本文深入探讨了商业信用管理、银行贷款与信贷额度管理、短期债务融资工具以及创新融资方式的应用。特别关注了应付账款管理、供应链融资、短期债券与票据发行等策略，并分析了这些策略在提高企业资金使用效率、降低融资成本和风险管理方面的实际效果。在短期融资工具的应用实践部分，本文通过案例分析，展示了应收账款保理与融资、应付账款的延期支付策略、短期债券的发行与管理等短期融资工具在实际运营中的应用情况，以及这些工具如何帮助企业优化资金结构、提高资金流动性和应对市场变化。
关键词：营运资金管理；短期融资工具；融资策略；流动性管理
Abstract
In the financial management of modern enterprises, working capital management is the key link to ensure the smooth daily operation of enterprises. With the constant change of market environment and the increase of capital demand of enterprises, the selection and application of short-term financing tools have become an important part of enterprise working capital management. First of all, this paper introduces the background, significance and purpose of the research in the introduction part, and summarizes the relevant research status at home and abroad, which provides a theoretical basis and research fr amework for the follow-up research. In the theoretical basis part, this paper elaborates the concept of working capital management, the classification of short-term financing instruments and their impact on corporate liquidity, which provides the basis for understanding the role of short-term financing instruments in working capital management. In the part of the selection mechanism of short-term financing instruments, this paper analyzes the characteristics of different short-term financing methods such as commercial credit financing, bank credit instruments, capital market financing and liquidity management tools, and discusses the internal and external factors that affect enterprises' choice of short-term financing instruments, including enterprise scale, financial status, market environment, laws and regulations. In the part of the application strategy of short-term financing instruments, this paper deeply discusses the application of commercial credit management, bank loan and credit line management, short-term debt financing instruments and innovative financing methods. We pay special attention to the strategies of accounts payable management, supply chain financing, short-term bonds and notes issuance, and analyze the practical effects of these strategies in improving the efficiency of capital use, reducing financing costs and risk management. In the application practice part of short-term financing tools, this paper, through case analysis, shows the application of short-term financing tools such as accounts receivable factoring and financing, deferred payment strategy of accounts payable, issuance and management of short-term bonds in actual operations, and how these tools help enterprises optimize capital structure, improve capital liquidity and cope with market changes.
Key words: working capital management; Short-term financing instruments; Financing strategy; Liquidity management
目 录
一、绪论 3
1.1 研究背景及意义 3
1.2 国内外研究现状 3
1.3 研究目的 3
二、营运资金管理与短期融资理论基础 4
2.1 营运资金管理概述 4
2.2 短期融资工具的概念与分类 4
2.3 短期融资工具与企业流动性 4
三、短期融资工具的选择机制 5
3.1 商业信用融资 5
3.2 银行信贷工具 5
3.3 资本市场融资 5
3.4 流动性管理工具 5
四、短期融资工具的应用策略 6
4.1 商业信用管理 6
4.1.1 应付账款管理 6
4.1.2 供应链融资 6
4.1.3 商业票据发行 7
4.2 银行贷款与信贷额度管理 7
4.2.1 短期贷款的申请与审批流程 7
4.2.2 信贷额度的最优规模确定 8
4.2.3 银行关系管理 8
4.3 短期债务融资工具 8
4.3.1 短期债券与票据 8
4.3.2 短期融资券 9
4.3.3 融资租赁 9
4.4 创新融资方式的应用 10
4.4.1 互联网金融平台 10
4.4.2 资产证券化 10
4.4.3 绿色融资与社会责任投资 10
五、短期融资工具的应用实践 11
5.1 应收账款保理与融资 11
5.2 应付账款的延期支付策略 11
5.3 短期债券的发行与管理 12
5.4 利用金融衍生工具管理利率风险 12
六、结论 12
参考文献 12
