摘 要
随着全球工业化进程的加速，气体吸收与分离技术在能源、环境和化工领域的重要性日益凸显。多孔材料因其独特的孔隙结构和可调节的化学性质，成为实现高效气体吸收与分离的关键材料。在多孔材料的基本概念与分类章节中，详细定义了多孔材料，并根据其孔隙结构和化学组成进行了分类。介绍了多孔材料的合成方法和表征技术，为后续的性能比较和应用分析奠定了基础。第三章深入探讨了气体吸收与分离的基本原理，包括气体吸收的物理化学基础、气体分离的机制以及影响气体吸收与分离的关键因素。这些原理为理解和优化多孔材料在气体分离过程中的应用提供了理论支持。第四章重点讨论了多孔材料在不同气体吸收与分离工艺中的应用。首先，分析了多孔材料在CO2捕获中的重要性，探讨了材料的选择和性能要求，以及吸附-解吸循环性能。接着，讨论了多孔材料在氢气分离中的挑战和吸附性能，以及膜分离技术的应用。此外，还研究了多孔材料在挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)去除中的应用，包括VOCs的危害、吸附容量与选择性，以及去除效率与再生能力。最后，探讨了多孔材料在氮气与氧气分离、稀有气体捕获等其他气体分离中的应用。通过比较不同类型多孔材料的性能，本文揭示了它们在气体吸收与分离中的潜力和局限性。无机多孔材料因其良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性在高温气体分离中表现出色；而有机多孔材料和金属-有机框架(MOFs)则因其高比表面积和可调节的孔隙结构在低分子量气体的捕获和分离中显示出优势。
关键词：多孔材料；气体吸收；气体分离；CO2捕获；氢气分离
Abstract
With the acceleration of global industrialization, gas absorption and separation technology has become increasingly important in the fields of energy, environment and chemical industry. Porous materials have become key materials for efficient gas absorption and separation due to their unique pore structure and adjustable chemical properties. In the chapter on Basic Concepts and Classification of porous materials, porous materials are defined in detail and classified according to their pore structure and chemical composition. The synthesis and characterization techniques of porous materials were introduced, which laid a foundation for the subsequent performance comparison and application analysis. The third chapter discusses the basic principle of gas absorption and separation, including the physicochemical basis of gas absorption, the mechanism of gas separation and the key factors affecting gas absorption and separation. These principles provide theoretical support for understanding and optimizing the application of porous materials in gas separation processes. Chapter 4 focuses on the application of porous materials in different gas absorption and separation processes. Firstly, the importance of porous materials in CO2 capture was analyzed, and the material selection and performance requirements, as well as the adsorption-desorption cycle performance were discussed. Then, the challenges and adsorption properties of porous materials in hydrogen separation and the application of membrane separation technology are discussed. In addition, the application of porous materials in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was studied, including the harm of VOCs, adsorption capacity and selectivity, removal efficiency and regeneration capacity. Finally, the application of porous materials in nitrogen and oxygen separation, rare gas capture and other gas separation is discussed. By comparing the properties of different types of porous materials, this paper reveals their potential and limitations in gas absorption and separation. Inorganic porous materials perform well in high temperature gas separation because of their good thermal and chemical stability. Organic porous materials and me tal-organic fr ameworks (MOFs) show advantages in the capture and separation of low molecular weight gases due to their high specific surface area and adjustable pore structure.
Key words: porous materials; Gas absorption; Gas separation; CO2 capture; Hydrogen separation
目 录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景及意义 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 4
1.3 研究目的 4
二、多孔材料的基本概念与分类 4
2.1 多孔材料的定义与特性 4
2.2 多孔材料的分类 5
2.3 多孔材料的合成方法 5
2.4 多孔材料的表征技术 6
三、气体吸收与分离的基本原理 6
3.1 气体吸收的物理化学基础 6
3.2 气体分离的机制 6
3.3 气体吸收与分离工艺 7
3.4 影响气体吸收与分离的因素 7
四、多孔材料在气体吸收与分离中的应用 8
4.1 多孔材料在CO2捕获中的应用 8
4.1.1 CO2捕获的重要性 8
4.1.2 多孔材料的选择与性能要求 8
4.1.3 吸附-解吸循环性能 9
4.2 多孔材料在氢气分离中的应用 9
4.2.1 氢气分离的挑战 9
4.2.2 多孔材料的吸附性能 9
4.2.3 膜分离技术的应用 10
4.3 多孔材料在挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)去除中的应用 10
4.3.1 VOCs的危害与去除需求 10
4.3.2 多孔材料的吸附容量与选择性 11
4.3.3 去除效率与再生能力 11
4.4 多孔材料在其他气体分离中的应用 11
4.4.1 氮气与氧气的分离 11
4.4.2 稀有气体的捕获 12
4.4.3 多组分气体混合物的分离 12
五、结论 12
参考文献 13
