摘 要
随着能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严峻，电化学技术在化学工程与工艺中的应用受到了广泛关注。首先，绪论部分介绍了研究的背景、意义以及国内外的研究现状，明确了研究的目的和重要性。第二章对电化学基础理论进行了阐述，包括电化学基本原理、电化学装置与电极材料、电化学过程的控制与优化，为后续章节的应用研究提供了理论基础。第三章探讨了电化学技术在化工合成中的应用，包括电合成有机化合物、无机化合物和纳米材料，展示了电化学合成技术在提高合成效率、降低能耗和减少环境污染方面的优势。第四章深入分析了电化学技术在分离与提纯中的应用，包括电化学分离技术概述、电渗析与电泳技术的应用、电化学提纯技术及其优化，强调了电化学技术在提高分离效率和选择性、降低操作成本方面的重要性。第五章讨论了电化学技术在能源转换与存储中的应用，包括电化学在可再生能源转换中的应用、燃料电池与电解水制氢技术、二氧化碳捕获与转化中的角色以及光电化学与热电化学能源转换机制，突出了电化学技术在推动能源转型和实现碳中和目标中的关键作用。第六章聚焦于电化学技术在环境工程中的应用，包括电化学在水处理、废气净化、土壤修复中的应用，展示了电化学技术在环境治理和生态保护中的有效性和创新性。本文为电化学技术的设计、制造和应用提供了理论指导和实践案例，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
关键词：电化学技术；化工合成；分离提纯；能源转换
Abstract
With the increasingly severe problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution, the application of electrochemical technology in chemical engineering and technology has been widely concerned. Firstly, the introduction introduces the background, significance and research status at home and abroad, and clarifies the purpose and importance of the research. The second chapter describes the basic theory of electrochemistry, including the basic principles of electrochemistry, electrochemical devices and electrode materials, and the control and optimization of electrochemical process, which provides the theoretical basis for the application research in the following chapters. The third chapter discusses the application of electrochemical technology in chemical synthesis, including electrosynthesis of organic compounds, inorganic compounds and nanomaterials, and shows the advantages of electrochemical synthesis technology in improving synthesis efficiency, reducing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. The fourth chapter analyzes the application of electrochemical technology in separation and purification, including the overview of electrochemical separation technology, the application of electrodialysis and electrophoresis technology, electrochemical purification technology and its optimization, emphasizing the importance of electrochemical technology in improving the separation efficiency and selectivity, and reducing the operating cost. Chapter 5 discusses the application of electrochemical technology in energy conversion and storage, including the application of electrochemical technology in renewable energy conversion, fuel cell and electrolytic water hydrogen production technology, the role of carbon dioxide capture and conversion, and photoelectric chemistry and thermoelectric chemistry energy conversion mechanisms, highlighting the key role of electrochemical technology in promoting energy transition and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Chapter 6 focuses on the application of electrochemical technology in environmental engineering, including the application of electrochemical technology in water treatment, waste gas purification, and soil remediation, demonstrating the effectiveness and innovation of electrochemical technology in environmental governance and ecological protection. This paper provides theoretical guidance and practical cases for the design, manufacture and application of electrochemical technology, which has important theoretical significance and application value.
Key words: electrochemical technology; Chemical synthesis; Separation and purification; Energy conversion
目录
一、绪论 3
1.1 研究背景及意义 3
1.2 国内外研究现状 3
1.3 研究目的 3
二、电化学基础理论 4
2.1 电化学基本原理 4
2.2 电化学装置与电极材料 4
2.3 电化学过程的控制与优化 4
三、电化学技术在化工合成中的应用 5
3.1 电合成有机化合物 5
3.2 电化学合成无机化合物 5
3.3 电化学合成纳米材料 5
四、电化学技术在分离与提纯中的应用 6
4.1 电化学分离技术概述 6
4.1.1 电化学分离原理 6
4.1.2 电化学分离技术的种类 6
4.2 电渗析与电泳 6
4.2.1 电渗析技术的应用 6
4.2.2 电泳技术的应用 7
4.3 电化学提纯技术 7
4.3.1 电化学提纯方法 7
4.3.2 电化学提纯过程的优化 7
五、电化学技术在能源转换与存储中的应用 8
5.1 电化学在可再生能源转换中的应用 8
5.2 燃料电池与电解水制氢技术 8
5.3 电化学在二氧化碳捕获与转化中的角色 8
5.4 光电化学与热电化学能源转换机制 9
六、电化学技术在环境工程中的应用 9
6.1 电化学在水处理中的应用 9
6.2 废气净化中的电化学方法 9
6.3 电化学在土壤修复中的应用 9
6.4 电化学在有害化学物质降解中的应用 10
七、结论 10
参考文献 10
