摘 要
电力系统中的无功补偿与电压控制是确保电网稳定、高效运行的重要环节。无功补偿旨在通过安装无功补偿装置，如电力电容器和同步调相机，来提高系统的功率因数，降低电能损耗，并提高电能利用效率。这一措施不仅有助于改善电网的电能质量，还能提升输电系统的稳定性和可靠性。无功功率虽然不直接对外做功，但在电气设备中建立和维持磁场的过程中起着至关重要的作用。凡是有电磁线圈的电气设备，如电动机、变压器等，在建立磁场时都需要消耗无功功率。因此，无功补偿与电压控制密不可分，是电力系统调度考核的重要指标之一。在电压控制方面，无功功率是造成电压损耗的主要因素。当输电线路或变压器传输功率时，会产生电压损耗，进而影响电网各节点的电压状况。通过无功补偿，可以减少无功功率在电抗上的压降，从而有效降低电压损耗，维持电网电压的稳定。无功补偿与电压控制还遵循分层分区补偿的原则。这一原则旨在减少无功功率在电网中的长距离传输，降低无功功率损耗和相应的有功功率损耗。同时，根据电网的不同电压等级和负荷情况，合理配置无功补偿装置，以实现无功功率的分区和就地平衡。
关键词：无功补偿 电压控制 电力系统
Abstract
Reactive power compensation and voltage control in power system are important links to ensure stable and efficient operation of power grid. Reactive power compensation is designed to increase the power factor of the system, reduce power loss, and improve power utilization efficiency by installing reactive power compensation devices, such as power capacitors and synchronous modulation cameras. This measure not only helps to improve the power quality of the grid, but also improves the stability and reliability of the transmission system. Reactive power, although it does not directly work externally, plays a crucial role in the process of establishing and maintaining magnetic fields in electrical equipment. All electrical equipment with electromagnetic coils, such as motors, transformers, etc., need to consume reactive power when establishing a magnetic field. Therefore, reactive power compensation and voltage control are inseparable, and it is one of the important indexes of power system scheduling assessment. In terms of voltage control, reactive power is the main factor that causes voltage loss. When transmission lines or transformers transmit power, voltage loss will occur, which will affect the voltage condition of each node of the grid. The reactive power compensation can reduce the reactive power voltage drop on the reactance, so as to effectively reduce the voltage loss and maintain the stability of the grid voltage. Reactive power compensation and voltage control also follow the principle of layered and zoned compensation. This principle aims to reduce the long-distance transmission of reactive power in the grid and reduce reactive power losses and corresponding active power losses. At the same time, according to the different voltage levels and load conditions of the power grid, the reactive power compensation device is rationally configured to achieve reactive power zoning and local balance.
Keyword:Reactive power compensation Voltage control Power systems
目 录
1引言 1
2相关技术与理论基础 1
2.1无功功率与电压稳定性 1
2.2无功补偿技术概述 2
2.3电压控制技术概述 2
3电力系统无功补偿方案设计 2
3.1无功补偿需求分析 2
3.2补偿设备选型与配置 3
3.3补偿方案的性能评估 4
3.4设计的科学性与有效性分析 4
4电力系统电压控制策略 5
4.1电压控制需求分析 5
4.2控制策略设计与实施 6
4.3控制策略的性能评估 6
4.4策略的创新性与有效性分析 7
5结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
