摘 要
随着电动汽车产业的快速发展，电动汽车充电站作为关键基础设施，其智能调度与负荷平衡研究成为提升充电效率、保障电网稳定运行的重要课题。电动汽车充电需求的激增，对充电站的运营管理提出了更高要求，如何实现充电资源的优化配置和电网负荷的有效平衡，是当前亟待解决的问题。本文首先分析了电动汽车充电站智能调度的必要性。随着电动汽车数量的快速增长，充电需求呈现多样化、随机化特点，传统的人工调度方式已难以满足实际需求。智能调度系统通过集成数据分析、预测模型和优化算法，能够实时感知充电站状态、预测充电需求、优化充电任务分配，从而提高充电站的整体运行效率。本文探讨了电动汽车充电站负荷平衡的技术挑战与解决方案。充电站负荷的波动性和不确定性给电网运行带来巨大压力，负荷高峰时段可能引发电网过载，而低谷时段则导致充电设施闲置。为了实现负荷平衡，本文提出了多种技术手段，包括智能调度算法、储能系统应用、需求侧响应策略等。这些技术手段能够根据电网负荷情况动态调整充电功率、优化充电时间，从而减轻电网压力，实现负荷的均衡分配。在研究方法上，本文采用了数学建模、仿真实验和案例分析相结合的方式。通过构建电动汽车充电站智能调度与负荷平衡的数学模型，本文分析了不同调度策略和负荷平衡方案对系统性能的影响。同时，利用仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。最后，结合具体案例分析了智能调度与负荷平衡技术在电动汽车充电站中的实际应用效果。
关键词：电动汽车充电站 智能调度 负荷平衡
Abstract
With the rapid development of electric vehicle industry, electric vehicle charging station as a key infrastructure, its intelligent scheduling and load balance research has become an important topic to improve charging efficiency and ensure the stable operation of power grid. The surge of electric vehicle charging demand puts forward higher requirements for the operation and management of charging stations. How to realize the optimal allocation of charging resources and the effective balance of power grid load is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper first analyzes the necessity of intelligent scheduling of EV charging stations. With the rapid growth of the number of electric vehicles, the charging demand is diversified and random, and the traditional manual scheduling method is difficult to meet the actual demand. By integrating data analysis, prediction model and optimization algorithm, intelligent scheduling system can sense the status of charging station in real time, predict charging demand, and optimize charging task assignment, thus improving the overall operating efficiency of charging station. This paper discusses the technical challenges and solutions of load balancing in EV charging stations. The volatility and uncertainty of charging station load bring great pressure to the operation of the power grid, which may lead to the overload of the power grid during the peak period and the idle charging facilities during the low period. In order to achieve load balance, this paper proposes a variety of technical means, including intelligent scheduling algorithm, energy storage system application, demand side response strategy and so on. These technical means can dynamically adjust the charging power and optimize the charging time according to the load of the power grid, so as to reduce the pressure of the power grid and realize the balanced load distribution. In the research method, this paper uses mathematical modeling, simulation experiment and case analysis. By constructing a mathematical model of intelligent scheduling and load balancing of EV charging stations, this paper analyzes the effects of different scheduling strategies and load balancing schemes on system performance. At the same time, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by simulation experiments. Finally, the practical application effect of intelligent scheduling and load balancing technology in electric vehicle charging station is analyzed based on a concrete case.
Keyword:Charging stations for electric vehicles Intelligent scheduling Load balancing
目 录
1引言 1
2相关技术与理论基础 1
2.1电动汽车与充电站概述 1
2.2智能电网技术 1
2.3负荷平衡的理论与方法 2
3充电站智能调度模型 2
3.1调度模型的构建 2
3.2调度策略设计 3
3.3模型仿真与分析 4
3.4模型的创新性和实用性分析 4
4负荷平衡机制研究 5
4.1负荷预测与管理 5
4.2需求侧响应策略 5
4.3分布式能源集成与优化 6
4.4机制的有效性与可行性分析 7
5结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
