土地退化防治与生态修复技术研究
摘 要
土地退化是全球面临的重大生态问题，严重威胁粮食安全和生态平衡。本研究旨在系统探讨土地退化防治与生态修复技术，以期为区域可持续发展提供科学依据。研究基于多源遥感数据和地面调查，结合GIS空间分析技术，对中国北方典型退化区进行定量评估，揭示了土地退化的时空演变规律及其驱动机制。通过对比分析不同修复技术的效果，提出了基于自然恢复与人工干预相结合的生态修复模式。研究发现，植被覆盖度与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关，而过度放牧和不当耕作是导致土地退化的主要人为因素。在技术应用方面，创新性地将微生物菌剂与植物修复相结合，显著提高了土壤肥力和植被恢复效率。实验结果表明，该技术在内蒙古草原区的应用使植被覆盖率提升了35%，土壤侵蚀量减少了50%。此外，研究还构建了土地退化风险预警模型，为区域土地资源管理提供了决策支持。
关键词：土地退化；生态修复；遥感技术
RESEARCH ON LAND DEGRADATION PREVENTION AND CONTROL AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Land degradation is a major ecological problem facing the world and poses a serious threat to food security and ecological balance. This study aims to systematically explore the technology of land degradation prevention and ecological restoration in order to provide scientific basis for regional sustainable development. Based on multi-source remote sensing data and ground survey, combined with GIS spatial analysis technology, the study conducts quantitative evaluation on the typical degraded areas in northern China, and reveals the spatial and temporal evolution law of land degradation and its driving mechanism. By comparing the effects of different restoration techniques, an ecological restoration model based on the combination of natural restoration and artificial intervention is proposed. The study found that vegetation coverage was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter content, and overgrazing and improper tillage were the main artificial factors leading to land degradation. In terms of technology application, the innovative combination of microbial agents with phytoremediation has significantly improved soil fertility and vegetation restoration efficiency. The experimental results show that the application of this technology in the Inner Mongolia grassland area increased the vegetation coverage rate by 35% and reduced the soil erosion amount by 50%. In addition, the study also constructed an early warning model of land degradation risk to provide decision support for regional land resource management.
KEY WORDS：Land degradation; ecological restoration; remote sensing technology
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 土地退化现状与成因分析 2
2.1 全球土地退化趋势与分布特征 2
2.2 中国土地退化的主要类型与区域差异 2
2.3 土地退化的自然与人为驱动因素 3
第3章 土地退化防治技术体系研究 4
3.1 土壤侵蚀控制技术及其应用效果 4
3.2 盐碱地改良技术的创新与实践 4
3.3 荒漠化防治的综合技术路径 5
第4章 生态修复技术与可持续发展策略 6
4.1 植被恢复技术在生态修复中的应用 6
4.2 水土保持与生态系统功能重建 6
4.3 生态修复与区域可持续发展的协同机制 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
土地退化是全球面临的重大生态问题，严重威胁粮食安全和生态平衡。本研究旨在系统探讨土地退化防治与生态修复技术，以期为区域可持续发展提供科学依据。研究基于多源遥感数据和地面调查，结合GIS空间分析技术，对中国北方典型退化区进行定量评估，揭示了土地退化的时空演变规律及其驱动机制。通过对比分析不同修复技术的效果，提出了基于自然恢复与人工干预相结合的生态修复模式。研究发现，植被覆盖度与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关，而过度放牧和不当耕作是导致土地退化的主要人为因素。在技术应用方面，创新性地将微生物菌剂与植物修复相结合，显著提高了土壤肥力和植被恢复效率。实验结果表明，该技术在内蒙古草原区的应用使植被覆盖率提升了35%，土壤侵蚀量减少了50%。此外，研究还构建了土地退化风险预警模型，为区域土地资源管理提供了决策支持。
关键词：土地退化；生态修复；遥感技术
RESEARCH ON LAND DEGRADATION PREVENTION AND CONTROL AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Land degradation is a major ecological problem facing the world and poses a serious threat to food security and ecological balance. This study aims to systematically explore the technology of land degradation prevention and ecological restoration in order to provide scientific basis for regional sustainable development. Based on multi-source remote sensing data and ground survey, combined with GIS spatial analysis technology, the study conducts quantitative evaluation on the typical degraded areas in northern China, and reveals the spatial and temporal evolution law of land degradation and its driving mechanism. By comparing the effects of different restoration techniques, an ecological restoration model based on the combination of natural restoration and artificial intervention is proposed. The study found that vegetation coverage was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic matter content, and overgrazing and improper tillage were the main artificial factors leading to land degradation. In terms of technology application, the innovative combination of microbial agents with phytoremediation has significantly improved soil fertility and vegetation restoration efficiency. The experimental results show that the application of this technology in the Inner Mongolia grassland area increased the vegetation coverage rate by 35% and reduced the soil erosion amount by 50%. In addition, the study also constructed an early warning model of land degradation risk to provide decision support for regional land resource management.
KEY WORDS：Land degradation; ecological restoration; remote sensing technology
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 土地退化现状与成因分析 2
2.1 全球土地退化趋势与分布特征 2
2.2 中国土地退化的主要类型与区域差异 2
2.3 土地退化的自然与人为驱动因素 3
第3章 土地退化防治技术体系研究 4
3.1 土壤侵蚀控制技术及其应用效果 4
3.2 盐碱地改良技术的创新与实践 4
3.3 荒漠化防治的综合技术路径 5
第4章 生态修复技术与可持续发展策略 6
4.1 植被恢复技术在生态修复中的应用 6
4.2 水土保持与生态系统功能重建 6
4.3 生态修复与区域可持续发展的协同机制 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
