摘要
本文系统地分析了激光技术在现代机械加工与制造领域中的广泛应用及其深远影响。激光技术，凭借其高精度、高效率、热影响区小、非接触式加工等显著优势，已成为推动制造业发展的重要力量。在激光切割方面，其能够实现复杂形状和材料的精准切割；激光焊接则提供了高强度、低变形的连接方案；激光打标与雕刻技术为产品赋予了个性化的标识；而激光打孔技术则以其高速、高质量的打孔能力，在微细加工领域占据重要地位。然而，激光技术在机械加工与制造中的应用并非毫无挑战。技术瓶颈限制了其性能的进一步提升，高昂的设备成本增加了企业的投资压力，激光束质量与稳定性问题直接影响加工质量，环保与安全问题则关乎生产过程的可持续性。此外，激烈的市场竞争和高端人才的短缺也是当前面临的现实问题。针对上述挑战，本文提出了多项优化建议，包括加强技术研发以突破技术瓶颈、优化激光加工工艺以降低成本、提升激光束质量以确保加工精度、强化环保与安全措施以保障生产安全、以及通过校企合作、人才引进等方式加强人才队伍建设。这些建议旨在推动激光技术在机械加工与制造中的健康发展，为制造业的转型升级和高质量发展贡献力量。
关键词：激光技术；机械加工；制造；技术瓶颈；环保安全
Abstract
This paper systematically analyzes the extensive application and far-reaching influence of laser technology in the field of modern machining and manufacturing. Laser technology, with its high precision, high efficiency, small heat affected zone, non-contact processing and other significant advantages, has become an important force to promote the development of manufacturing. In terms of laser cutting, it can achieve accurate cutting of complex shapes and materials; Laser welding provides a high strength, low deformation connection scheme; Laser marking and engraving technology gives the product a personalized logo; The laser drilling technology occupies an important position in the field of micro-machining with its high speed and high quality drilling ability. However, the application of laser technology in machining and manufacturing is not without challenges. Technical bottlenecks limit the further improvement of its performance, high equipment costs increase the investment pressure of enterprises, laser beam quality and stability issues directly affect the quality of processing, environmental protection and safety issues are related to the sustainability of the production process. In addition, the fierce market competition and the shortage of high-end talents are also realistic problems facing the current. In response to the above challenges, this paper puts forward a number of optimization suggestions, including strengthening technology research and development to break through technical bottlenecks, optimizing laser processing technology to reduce costs, improving laser beam quality to ensure processing accuracy, strengthening environmental protection and safety measures to ensure production safety, and strengthening talent team construction through school-enterprise cooperation, talent introduction and other ways. These recommendations aim to promote the healthy development of laser technology in machining and manufacturing, and contribute to the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and high-quality development.
Keywords：Laser technology; Mechanical processing; Manufacture; Technical bottleneck; Environmental protection and safety
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 4
（一）研究背景 4
（二）研究目的及意义 4
二、激光技术概述 5
（一）激光技术的起源与发展 5
（二）激光技术的基本原理 5
（三）激光技术的优势 6
三、激光技术在机械加工与制造中的具体应用 7
（一）激光切割 7
（二）激光焊接 7
（三）激光打标与雕刻 8
（四）激光打孔 8
四、激光技术在机械加工与制造应用中面临的挑战 9
（一）技术瓶颈与设备成本 9
（二）激光束质量与稳定性 9
（三）环保与安全问题 9
（四）市场竞争与人才短缺 10
五、激光技术在机械加工与制造应用中的优化建议 11
（一）加强技术研发与成本控制 11
（二）加强激光束质量的研究 11
（三）强化环保与安全措施 12
（四）培养与引进高端人才 13
结 论 15
参考文献 16
