摘要
精密机械零件在现代工业中起着至关重要的作用，其表面处理技术直接影响零件的耐磨性能和使用寿命。为提高精密机械零件的耐磨性，本研究聚焦于表面处理技术及其对零件耐磨性能的影响。通过分析当前主流表面处理技术如电镀、化学转化膜、物理气相沉积等的优缺点，结合实际应用需求，提出了一种新型复合表面处理工艺，该工艺融合了微弧氧化与激光熔覆技术的优势。采用硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验、扫描电子显微镜观察等方法对经不同表面处理后的精密机械零件进行检测分析，结果表明，新型复合表面处理工艺制备的零件表面具有更高的硬度和更优的耐磨性能，相较于传统单一表面处理方式，其耐磨寿命提高了约30% - 50%，且表面粗糙度更低，能够更好地满足精密机械零件对于高精度和高性能的要求。这一创新性的复合表面处理工艺为提升精密机械零件的耐磨性能提供了新的思路和技术手段，在航空航天、高端装备制造等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
关键词：精密机械零件；表面处理技术；复合表面处理工艺；耐磨性能；微弧氧化与激光熔覆
Abstract
Precision mechanical components play a crucial role in modern industry, and their surface treatment technologies directly influence the wear resistance and service life of the components. To enhance the wear resistance of precision mechanical components, this study focuses on surface treatment technologies and their impact on wear performance. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of current mainstream surface treatment methods such as electroplating, chemical conversion coatings, and physical vapor deposition, and considering practical application requirements, a novel composite surface treatment process that integrates the benefits of micro-arc oxidation and laser cladding technology is proposed. The precision mechanical components treated with different surface treatments were evaluated using hardness testing, friction and wear tests, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The results indicate that the components treated with the novel composite surface treatment exhibit higher hardness and superior wear resistance. Compared to traditional single-surface treatment methods, the wear life was increased by approximately 30% to 50%, and the surface roughness was significantly reduced, better meeting the high-precision and high-performance requirements of precision mechanical components. This innovative composite surface treatment process provides new ideas and technical means for improving the wear resistance of precision mechanical components and has broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace and advanced equipment manufacturing.
Keywords：Precision Mechanical Components; Surface Treatment Technology; Composite Surface Treatment Process; Wear-Resistant Performance; Micro-Arc Oxidation And Laser Cladding
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
一、精密机械零件表面处理技术概述 1
(一) 表面处理技术分类 1
(二) 技术发展历程回顾 2
(三) 关键技术原理分析 2
二、表面处理对耐磨性能的影响机制 3
(一) 耐磨性能评价指标 3
(二) 表面结构与耐磨性关系 3
(三) 材料特性对耐磨性影响 2
三、主要表面处理工艺及其特点 2
(一) 涂镀层处理技术 2
(二) 化学热处理方法 3
(三) 物理气相沉积工艺 3
四、实验研究与应用案例分析 4
(一) 实验方案设计 4
(二) 典型案例分析 4
(三) 工程应用前景 5
结 论 6
参考文献 7
